arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 1909.01245astro-ph.CO
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锂问题的宇宙学解

Cosmological Solutions to the Lithium Problem

G. J. Mathews, A. Kedia, N. Sasankan, M. Kusakabe, Y. Luo, T. Kajino, D. G. Yamazaki, T. Makki, M. El Eid

摘要:

原始锂的丰度来自于观测到的星系晕中贫金属恒星的光谱。然而,观测推断的丰度仍然是标准大爆炸核合成(BBN)预测的丰度的三分之一。解决这个难题的方法可以是天体物理学的(恒星在BBN之后摧毁锂),核反应(在BBN期间反应摧毁锂)或宇宙学的,即标准BBN之外的新物理学负责摧毁锂。在这里,我们概述了各种可能的宇宙学解决方案,以及它们的缺点。一方面,我们研究的物理过程,修改粒子的速度分布的可能性,从通常假设的麦克斯韦-玻尔兹曼统计。一个物理的理由,这是一个不均匀的空间分布域的原始磁场强度作为一种手段,以减少原始锂丰度。另一种可能性是与背景等离子体中的温和相对论性电子的散射将重子分布改变为类似费米-狄拉克分布的分布。我们表明,这两种可能性都不能充分解决锂的问题。一些替代的混合模型进行了讨论,包括混合中微子简并,统一的暗物质,轴子冷却,和存在的衰变和/或带电超对称粒子。

英文摘要:

The abundance of primordial lithium is derived from the observed spectroscopy of metal-poor stars in the galactic halo. However, the observationally inferred abundance remains at about a factor of three below the abundance predicted by standard big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN). The resolution of this dilemma can be either astrophysical (stars destroy lithium after BBN), nuclear (reactions destroy lithium during BBN), or cosmological, i.e. new physics beyond the standard BBN is responsible for destroying lithium. Here, we overview a variety of possible cosmological solutions, and their shortcomings. On the one hand, we examine the possibility of physical processes that modify the velocity distribution of particles from the usually assumed Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics. A physical justification for this is an inhomogeneous spatial distribution of domains of primordial magnetic field strength as a means to reduce the primordial lithium abundance. Another possibility is that scattering with the mildly relativistic electrons in the background plasma alters the baryon distribution to one resembling a Fermi-Dirac distribution. We show that neither of these possibilities can adequately resolve the lithium problem. A number of alternate hybrid models are discussed including a mix of neutrino degeneracy, unified dark matter, axion cooling, and the presence of decaying and/or charged supersymmetric particles.

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