当地的黑暗区域。探测太阳系附近引力的低加速度边界和暗物质
The local dark sector. Probing gravitation's low-acceleration frontier and dark matter in the Solar System neighborhood
摘要：
我们推测在21世纪40年代新的创新推进技术的发展和可用性，这将使我们能够在合理的时间内在太阳系外飞行航天器（150 AU或更多），以直接探测我们的（引力）太阳系附近，并回答有关暗区（暗能量和暗物质）的紧迫问题。我们确定了两个密切相关的主要科学目标，以及次要目标，可以通过一个专门的任务，以探测当地的黑暗部门：（i）开始探索引力的低加速度制度的人造航天器和（ii）提高我们的知识的本地暗物质和重子密度。这些问题的答案可以是，在太阳系外轨道上用航天器上的原子钟直接测量引力势，并将航天器的轨道与广义相对论通过结合测距数据和用航天器上的加速计对非引力加速度进行的现场测量（和校正）而预测的轨道进行比较。尽管在不久的将来会有大量新的实验上线，这将带来关于黑暗领域的新知识，但这些科学问题不太可能在未来20年内被关闭。更重要的是，回答这些问题可能比现在更加紧迫。跟踪携带时钟和加速度计的航天器离开太阳系可能是直接探测我们黑暗环境的最简单和最快的方法。
英文摘要：
We speculate on the development and availability of new innovative propulsion techniques in the 2040s, that will allow us to fly a spacecraft outside the Solar System (at 150 AU and more) in a reasonable amount of time, in order to directly probe our (gravitational) Solar System neighborhood and answer pressing questions regarding the dark sector (dark energy and dark matter). We identify two closely related main science goals, as well as secondary objectives that could be fulfilled by a mission dedicated to probing the local dark sector: (i) begin the exploration of gravitation's low-acceleration regime with a man-made spacecraft and (ii) improve our knowledge of the local dark matter and baryon densities. Those questions can be answered by directly measuring the gravitational potential with an atomic clock on-board a spacecraft on an outbound Solar System orbit, and by comparing the spacecraft's trajectory with that predicted by General Relativity through the combination of ranging data and the in-situ measurement (and correction) of non-gravitational accelerations with an on-board accelerometer. Despite a wealth of new experiments getting online in the near future, that will bring new knowledge about the dark sector, it is very unlikely that those science questions will be closed in the next two decades. More importantly, it is likely that it will be even more urgent than currently to answer them. Tracking a spacecraft carrying a clock and an accelerometer as it leaves the Solar System may well be the easiest and fastest way to directly probe our dark environment.
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