生命何时可能在RNA优先过程中出现在地球上？
When did Life Likely Emerge on Earth in an RNA-First Process?
摘要：
核糖核酸（RNA）催化剂和辅助因子在今天地球生物圈中的广泛存在表明，RNA是支持达尔文进化论的第一种生物聚合物。然而，大多数的“路径假设”，以产生RNA的积木需要减少含氮化合物没有在Hadean的CO2-N2-H2O气氛中有用的量。我们回顾了地球撞击历史的模型，这些模型调用了一个约10^23 kg的撞击器（Moneta）来解释地球和月球上测量到的铂、金和其他亲铁（“铁爱好”）元素的数量。如果它是最后一个灭菌撞击物，莫尼塔会减少大气层，但不会减少地幔，为RNA合成打开一个“机会之窗”，在此期间，RNA前体从大气中下雨到陆地，携带氧化矿物质，稳定高级RNA前体和RNA。令人惊讶的是，这种物理学、地质学和化学的结合表明，RNA形成的时间最有可能是在莫内塔撞击后约1.2亿+/-1亿年，或约43.6亿+/-1亿年前。这一时期的不确定性是由生产性大气损失率和地下土地数量的不确定性所驱动的。
英文摘要：
The widespread presence of ribonucleic acid (RNA) catalysts and cofactors in Earth's biosphere today suggests that RNA was the first biopolymer to support Darwinian evolution. However, most "path-hypotheses" to generate building blocks for RNA require reduced nitrogen-containing compounds not made in useful amounts in the CO2-N2-H2O atmospheres of the Hadean. We review models for Earth's impact history that invoke a single ~10^23 kg impactor (Moneta) to account for measured amounts of platinum, gold, and other siderophilic ("iron-loving") elements on the Earth and Moon. If it were the last sterilizing impactor, Moneta would have reduced the atmosphere but not its mantle, opening a "window of opportunity" for RNA synthesis, a period when RNA precursors rained from the atmosphere to land holding oxidized minerals that stabilize advanced RNA precursors and RNA. Surprisingly, this combination of physics, geology, and chemistry suggests a time when RNA formation was most probable, ~120 +/- 100 million years after Moneta's impact, or ~4.36 +/- 0.1 billion years ago. Uncertainties in this time are driven by uncertainties in rates of productive atmosphere loss and amounts of sub-aerial land.
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