Recently, scene text recognition methods based on deep learning have sprung up in computer vision area. The existing methods achieved great performances, but the recognition of irregular text is still challenging due to the various shapes and distorted patterns. Consider that at the time of reading words in the real world, normally we will not rectify it in our mind but adjust our focus and visual fields. Similarly, through utilizing deformable convolutional layers whose geometric structures are adjustable, we present an enhanced recognition network without the steps of rectification to deal with irregular text in this work. A number of experiments have been applied, where the results on public benchmarks demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed components and shows that our method has reached satisfactory performances. The code will be publicly available at https://github.com/Alpaca07/dtr soon.
The spatio-temporal information among video sequences is significant for video super-resolution (SR). However, the spatio-temporal information cannot be fully used by existing video SR methods since spatial feature extraction and temporal motion compensation are usually performed sequentially. In this paper, we propose a deformable 3D convolution network (D3Dnet) to incorporate spatio-temporal information from both spatial and temporal dimensions for video SR. Specifically, we introduce deformable 3D convolution (D3D) to integrate deformable convolution with 3D convolution, obtaining both supe…
Saarland University（萨尔大学）；MPI for Informatics（马克斯·普朗克信息学研究所）
3D human motion capture from monocular RGB images respecting interactions of a subject with complex and possibly deformable environments is a very challenging, ill-posed and under-explored problem. Existing methods address it only weakly and do not model possible surface deformations often occurring when humans interact with scene surfaces. In contrast, this paper proposes MoCapDeform, i.e., a new framework for monocular 3D human motion capture that is the first to explicitly model non-rigid deformations of a 3D scene for improved 3D human pose estimation and deformable environment reconstruct…
We present Lepard, a Learning based approach for partial point cloud matching in rigid and deformable scenes. The key characteristics are the following techniques that exploit 3D positional knowledge for point cloud matching: 1) An architecture that disentangles point cloud representation into feature space and 3D position space. 2) A position encoding method that explicitly reveals 3D relative distance information through the dot product of vectors. 3) A repositioning technique that modifies the crosspoint-cloud relative positions. Ablation studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the above t…
Laboratoire d’Analyse et Modélisation des Systèmes pour l’Aide à la Décision (LAMSADE)（决策支持系统分析与建模实验室（LAMSADE））
Incidental scene text detection, especially for multi-oriented text regions, is one of the most challenging tasks in many computer vision applications. Different from the common object detection task, scene text often suffers from a large variance of aspect ratio, scale, and orientation. To solve this problem, we propose a novel end-to-end scene text detector IncepText from an instance-aware segmentation perspective. We design a novel Inception-Text module and introduce deformable PSROI pooling to deal with multi-oriented text detection. Extensive experiments on ICDAR2015, RCTW-17, and MSRA-TD…
Scene text detection is a challenging computer vision task due to the high variation in text shapes and ratios. In this work, we propose a scene text detector named Deformable Kernel Expansion (DKE), which incorporates the merits of both segmentation and contour-based detectors. DKE employs a segmentation module to segment the shrunken text region as the text kernel, then expands the text kernel contour to obtain text boundary by regressing the vertex-wise offsets. Generating the text kernel by segmentation enables DKE to inherit the arbitrary-shaped text region modeling capability of segmenta…
Mines ParisTech（巴黎矿业学院）；Facebook AI Research（脸书人工智能研究院）；Stanford University（斯坦福大学）
We present Kernel Point Convolution (KPConv), a new design of point convolution, i.e. that operates on point clouds without any intermediate representation. The convolution weights of KPConv are located in Euclidean space by kernel points, and applied to the input points close to them. Its capacity to use any number of kernel points gives KPConv more flexibility than fixed grid convolutions. Furthermore, these locations are continuous in space and can be learned by the network. Therefore, KPConv can be extended to deformable convolutions that learn to adapt kernel points to local geometry. Tha…
Discriminative Correlation Filter (DCF) based methods have shown competitive performance on tracking benchmarks in recent years. Generally, DCF based trackers learn a rigid appearance model of the target. However, this reliance on a single rigid appearance model is insufficient in situations where the target undergoes non-rigid transformations. In this paper, we propose a unified formulation for learning a deformable convolution filter. In our framework, the deformable filter is represented as a linear combination of sub-filters. Both the sub-filter coefficients and their relative locations ar…
Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications（重庆邮电大学）；Chongqing University（重庆大学）
Most existing deep-learning-based single image dynamic scene blind deblurring (SIDSBD) methods usually design deep networks to directly remove the spatially-variant motion blurs from one inputted motion blurred image, without blur kernels estimation. In this paper, inspired by the Projective Motion Path Blur (PMPB) model and deformable convolution, we propose a novel constrained deformable convolutional network (CDCN) for efficient single image dynamic scene blind deblurring, which simultaneously achieves accurate spatially-variant motion blur kernels estimation and the high-quality image rest…
Instituto de Investigación en Ingeniería de Aragón (I3A)（阿拉贡工程研究所（I3A））；Universidad de Zaragoza（萨拉戈萨大学）
Conventional SLAM techniques strongly rely on scene rigidity to solve data association, ignoring dynamic parts of the scene. In this work we present Semi-Direct DefSLAM (SD-DefSLAM), a novel monocular deformable SLAM method able to map highly deforming environments, built on top of DefSLAM. To robustly solve data association in challenging deforming scenes, SD-DefSLAM combines direct and indirect methods: an enhanced illumination-invariant Lucas-Kanade tracker for data association, geometric Bundle Adjustment for pose and deformable map estimation, and bag-of-words based on feature descriptors…
Ocean University of China（中国海洋大学）；Harbin Institute of Technology（哈尔滨工业大学）
In recent years, crowd counting has become an important issue in computer vision. In most methods, the density maps are generated by convolving with a Gaussian kernel from the ground-truth dot maps which are marked around the center of human heads. Due to the fixed geometric structures in CNNs and indistinct head-scale information, the head features are obtained incompletely. Deformable convolution is proposed to exploit the scale-adaptive capabilities for CNN features in the heads. By learning the coordinate offsets of the sampling points, it is tractable to improve the ability to adjust the …
University of Modena and Reggio Emilia（摩德纳-雷焦艾米利亚大学）
Handwritten Text Recognition (HTR) in free-layout pages is a challenging image understanding task that can provide a relevant boost to the digitization of handwritten documents and reuse of their content. The task becomes even more challenging when dealing with historical documents due to the variability of the writing style and degradation of the page quality. State-of-the-art HTR approaches typically couple recurrent structures for sequence modeling with Convolutional Neural Networks for visual feature extraction. Since convolutional kernels are defined on fixed grids and focus on all input …
SPDCN: Strip-based Deformable Convolutional Network for Steel Surface Defect Segmentation
School of Artificial Intelligence, Jiangxi Normal University（江西师范大学人工智能学院）；Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing and Affective Computing（江西省智能信息处理与情感计算重点实验室）
Fuzhou University（福州大学）；Tencent AI Lab（腾讯人工智能实验室）；Jiangnan University（江南大学）；South China University of Technology（华南理工大学）；City University of Hong Kong（香港城市大学）
The tracking-by-detection framework receives growing attentions through the integration with the Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). Existing tracking-by-detection based methods, however, fail to track objects with severe appearance variations. This is because the traditional convolutional operation is performed on fixed grids, and thus may not be able to find the correct response while the object is changing pose or under varying environmental conditions. In this paper, we propose a deformable convolution layer to enrich the target appearance representations in the tracking-by-detection fra…
SurgicalGaussian: Deformable 3D Gaussians for High-Fidelity Surgical Scene Reconstruction
Center for Digital Media Computing（数字媒体计算中心）；School of Film（电影学院）；School of Informatics（信息学院）；National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine（健康与医学数据科学国家研究院）；Xiamen University（厦门大学）；Key Laboratory of Digital Protection and Intelligent Processing of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Fujian and Taiwan, Ministry of Culture and Tourism（文化和旅游部闽台非物质文化遗产数字化保护与智能处理重点实验室）；Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory IRADS（广东省IRADS重点实验室）；BNU-HKBU United International College（北京师范大学-香港浸会大学联合国际学院）；The University of Texas at Dallas（德克萨斯大学达拉斯分校）
University of Zagreb, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing（萨格勒布大学电气工程与计算学院）；Rimac Automobili（锐马克汽车）
Future anticipation is of vital importance in autonomous driving and other decision-making systems. We present a method to anticipate semantic segmentation of future frames in driving scenarios based on feature-to-feature forecasting. Our method is based on a semantic segmentation model without lateral connections within the upsampling path. Such design ensures that the forecasting addresses only the most abstract features on a very coarse resolution. We further propose to express feature-to-feature forecasting with deformable convolutions. This increases the modelling power due to being able …
University of Toronto（多伦多大学）；Uber Advanced Technologies Group（优步先进技术集团）
Point clouds are the native output of many real-world 3D sensors. To borrow the success of 2D convolutional network architectures, a majority of popular 3D perception models voxelize the points, which can result in a loss of local geometric details that cannot be recovered. In this paper, we propose a novel learnable convolution layer for processing 3D point cloud data directly. Instead of discretizing points into fixed voxels, we deform our learnable 3D filters to match with the point cloud shape. We propose to combine voxelized backbone networks with our deformable filter layer at 1) the net…
Shanghai Jiao Tong University（上海交通大学）；SJTU-ParisTech Elite Institute of Technology（上海交通大学-巴黎高科卓越工程学院）
Understanding the surrounding environment of the vehicle is still one of the challenges for autonomous driving. This paper addresses 360-degree road scene semantic segmentation using surround view cameras, which are widely equipped in existing production cars. First, in order to address large distortion problem in the fisheye images, Restricted Deformable Convolution (RDC) is proposed for semantic segmentation, which can effectively model geometric transformations by learning the shapes of convolutional filters conditioned on the input feature map. Second, in order to obtain a large-scale trai…
LDConv: Linear deformable convolution for improving convolutional neural networks
College of Computer and Information Science, Chongqing Normal University（重庆师范大学计算机与信息科学学院）；Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Educational Big Data Intelligent Perception and Application（重庆教育大数据智能感知与应用工程研究中心）；College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southwest University（西南大学电子信息工程学院）
École Polytechnique de Montréal（蒙特利尔理工学院）；CortAIx Thales（泰雷兹CortAIx研究院）；Inria（法国国家信息与自动化研究院）
Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems rely heavily on perception tasks such as semantic segmentation where images are captured from large field of view (FoV) cameras. State-of-the-art works have made considerable progress toward applying Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to standard (rectilinear) images. However, the large FoV cameras used in autonomous vehicles produce fisheye images characterized by strong geometric distortion. This work demonstrates that a CNN trained on standard images can be readily adapted to fisheye images, which is crucial in real-world applications where time-consuming …
DeformGS: Scene Flow in Highly Deformable Scenes for Deformable Object Manipulation
Carnegie Mellon University（卡内基梅隆大学）；Stanford University（斯坦福大学）；National University of Singapore（新加坡国立大学）；Technical University of Munich（慕尼黑工业大学）；NVIDIA（英伟达）
Enhanced Deformable Convolution with Center-invariant Offset and Edge-aware Mask
Beihang University（北京航空航天大学）；Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology（上海航天技术研究院）；Shanghai Radio Equipment Research Institute（上海无线电设备研究所）；Cardiff University（卡迪夫大学）；Shenzhen University（深圳大学）；Sun Yat-sen University（中山大学）；Lancaster University（兰卡斯特大学）
Recently, Neural Radiance Fields (NeRF) is revolutionizing the task of novel view synthesis (NVS) for its superior performance. In this paper, we propose to synthesize dynamic scenes. Extending the methods for static scenes to dynamic scenes is not straightforward as both the scene geometry and appearance change over time, especially under monocular setup. Also, the existing dynamic NeRF methods generally require a lengthy per-scene training procedure, where multi-layer perceptrons (MLP) are fitted to model both motions and radiance. In this paper, built on top of the recent advances in voxel-…
Long-term complex activity recognition and localisation can be crucial for decision making in autonomous systems such as smart cars and surgical robots. Here we address the problem via a novel deformable, spatiotemporal scene graph approach, consisting of three main building blocks: (i) action tube detection, (ii) the modelling of the deformable geometry of parts, and (iii) a graph convolutional network. Firstly, action tubes are detected in a series of snippets. Next, a new 3D deformable RoI pooling layer is designed for learning the flexible, deformable geometry of the constituent action tub…
University of Tehran（德黑兰大学）；Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch（伊斯兰阿扎德大学科学研究分校）
People represent their emotions in a myriad of ways. Among the most important ones is whole body expressions which have many applications in different fields such as human-computer interaction (HCI). One of the most important challenges in human emotion recognition is that people express the same feeling in various ways using their face and their body. Recently many methods have tried to overcome these challenges using Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). However, most of these methods were based on images or on facial expressions only and did not consider deformation that may happen in the images suc…
DTC: A Deformable Transposed Convolution Module for Medical Image Segmentation
Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida（健康结果与生物医学信息学系，佛罗里达大学）；Regenstrief Institue, Indiana University, IU Health（Regenstrief研究所，印第安纳大学，IU健康）
Video frame interpolation aims at synthesizing intermediate frames from nearby source frames while maintaining spatial and temporal consistencies. The existing deep-learning-based video frame interpolation methods can be roughly divided into two categories: flow-based methods and kernel-based methods. The performance of flow-based methods is often jeopardized by the inaccuracy of flow map estimation due to oversimplified motion models, while that of kernel-based methods tends to be constrained by the rigidity of kernel shape. To address these performance-limiting issues, a novel mechanism name…
Boston University（波士顿大学）；American University in Cairo（开罗美国大学）；Worcester Polytechnic Institute（伍斯特理工学院）；University of Washington（华盛顿大学）；MIT-IBM Watson AI Lab（麻省理工学院-IBM沃森人工智能实验室）
Less than 35% of recyclable waste is being actually recycled in the US, which leads to increased soil and sea pollution and is one of the major concerns of environmental researchers as well as the common public. At the heart of the problem are the inefficiencies of the waste sorting process (separating paper, plastic, metal, glass, etc.) due to the extremely complex and cluttered nature of the waste stream. Recyclable waste detection poses a unique computer vision challenge as it requires detection of highly deformable and often translucent objects in cluttered scenes without the kind of conte…
Shape deformation of targets in SAR image due to random orientation and partial information loss caused by occlusion of the radar signal, is an essential challenge in SAR ship detection. In this paper, we propose a data augmentation method to train a deep network that is robust to partial information loss within the targets. Taking advantage of ground-truth annotations for bounding box and instance segmentation mask, we present a simple and effective pipeline to simulate information loss on targets in instance-level, while preserving contextual information. Furthermore, we adopt deformable con…
National University of Singapore（新加坡国立大学）；Tencent（腾讯）
Modeling dynamic scenes is important for many applications such as virtual reality and telepresence. Despite achieving unprecedented fidelity for novel view synthesis in dynamic scenes, existing methods based on Neural Radiance Fields (NeRF) suffer from slow convergence (i.e., model training time measured in days). In this paper, we present DeVRF, a novel representation to accelerate learning dynamic radiance fields. The core of DeVRF is to model both the 3D canonical space and 4D deformation field of a dynamic, non-rigid scene with explicit and discrete voxel-based representations. However, i…
Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications（南京邮电大学）；University of Trento（特伦托大学）；Wuhan University（武汉大学）
Learning to generate natural scenes has always been a daunting task in computer vision. This is even more laborious when generating images with very different views. When the views are very different, the view fields have little overlap or objects are occluded, leading the task very challenging. In this paper, we propose to use Generative Adversarial Networks(GANs) based on a deformable convolution and attention mechanism to solve the problem of cross-view image synthesis (see Fig.1). It is difficult to understand and transform scenes appearance and semantic information from another view, thus…
Nanyang Technological University（南洋理工大学）；Applied Research Center, Tencent PCG（腾讯PCG应用研究中心）；The Chinese University of Hong Kong（香港中文大学）；SIAT – SenseTime Joint Lab, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院——商汤科技联合实验室）
Deformable convolution, originally proposed for the adaptation to geometric variations of objects, has recently shown compelling performance in aligning multiple frames and is increasingly adopted for video super-resolution. Despite its remarkable performance, its underlying mechanism for alignment remains unclear. In this study, we carefully investigate the relation between deformable alignment and the classic flow-based alignment. We show that deformable convolution can be decomposed into a combination of spatial warping and convolution. This decomposition reveals the commonality of deformab…
Mathematical Theory of Intelligent Systems of Moscow State University（莫斯科国立大学智能系统数学理论）
This article provides next step towards solving speed bottleneck of any system that intensively uses convolutions operations (e.g. CNN). Method described in the article is applied on deformable part models (DPM) algorithm. Method described here is based on multidimensional tensors and provides efficient tradeoff between DPM performance and accuracy. Experiments on various databases, including Pascal VOC, show that the proposed method allows decreasing a number of convolutions up to 4.5 times compared with DPM v.5, while maintaining similar accuracy. If insignificant accuracy degradation is all…
Sejong University（世宗大学）；The Australian National University（澳大利亚国立大学）；Data61-CSIRO（Data61-联邦科学与工业研究组织）；University of Technology Sydney（悉尼科技大学）
Salient Object Detection (SOD) domain using RGB-D data has lately emerged with some current models' adequately precise results. However, they have restrained generalization abilities and intensive computational complexity. In this paper, inspired by the best background/foreground separation abilities of deformable convolutions, we employ them in our Densely Deformable Network (DDNet) to achieve efficient SOD. The salient regions from densely deformable convolutions are further refined using transposed convolutions to optimally generate the saliency maps. Quantitative and qualitative evaluation…
Xidian University（西安电子科技大学）；Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona（巴塞罗那自治大学）；Northwestern Polytechnical University（西北工业大学）
In this paper, we propose a deformable convolution-based generative adversarial network (DCNGAN) for perceptual quality enhancement of compressed videos. DCNGAN is also adaptive to the quantization parameters (QPs). Compared with optical flows, deformable convolutions are more effective and efficient to align frames. Deformable convolutions can operate on multiple frames, thus leveraging more temporal information, which is beneficial for enhancing the perceptual quality of compressed videos. Instead of aligning frames in a pairwise manner, the deformable convolution can process multiple frames…
University of California, Berkeley（加州大学伯克利分校）；Google（谷歌）
We describe a method to extract persistent elements of a dynamic scene from an input video. We represent each scene element as a \emph{Deformable Sprite} consisting of three components: 1) a 2D texture image for the entire video, 2) per-frame masks for the element, and 3) non-rigid deformations that map the texture image into each video frame. The resulting decomposition allows for applications such as consistent video editing. Deformable Sprites are a type of video auto-encoder model that is optimized on individual videos, and does not require training on a large dataset, nor does it rely on …
Twin Deformable Point Convolutions for Point Cloud Semantic Segmentation in Remote Sensing Scenes
Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院空天信息创新研究院）；University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）；School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学电子电气与通信工程学院）
Thales（泰雷兹集团）；Thales Digital Solutions（泰雷兹数字解决方案公司）；INRIA（法国国家信息与自动化研究所）
Conventional convolution neural networks (CNNs) trained on narrow Field-of-View (FoV) images are the state-of-the-art approaches for object recognition tasks. Some methods proposed the adaptation of CNNs to ultra-wide FoV images by learning deformable kernels. However, they are limited by the Euclidean geometry and their accuracy degrades under strong distortions caused by fisheye projections. In this work, we demonstrate that learning the shape of convolution kernels in non-Euclidean spaces is better than existing deformable kernel methods. In particular, we propose a new approach that learns…
Nanyang Technological University（南洋理工大学）；The Chinese University of Hong Kong（香港中文大学）；Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院）
Video restoration tasks, including super-resolution, deblurring, etc, are drawing increasing attention in the computer vision community. A challenging benchmark named REDS is released in the NTIRE19 Challenge. This new benchmark challenges existing methods from two aspects: (1) how to align multiple frames given large motions, and (2) how to effectively fuse different frames with diverse motion and blur. In this work, we propose a novel Video Restoration framework with Enhanced Deformable networks, termed EDVR, to address these challenges. First, to handle large motions, we devise a Pyramid, C…
University of Chinese Academy of Science（中国科学院大学）；Peking University（北京大学）；University of California, Berkeley（加州大学伯克利分校）
FPGAs provide a flexible and efficient platform to accelerate rapidly-changing algorithms for computer vision. The majority of existing work focuses on accelerating image classification, while other fundamental vision problems, including object detection and instance segmentation, have not been adequately addressed. Compared with image classification, detection problems are more sensitive to the spatial variance of objects, and therefore, require specialized convolutions to aggregate spatial information. To address this, recent work proposes dynamic deformable convolution to augment regular co…
University of Illinois Urbana Champaign（伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-尚佩恩分校）
We propose an approach for 3D reconstruction and segmentation of a single object placed on a flat surface from an input video. Our approach is to perform dense depth map estimation for multiple views using a proposed objective function that preserves detail. The resulting depth maps are then fused using a proposed implicit surface function that is robust to estimation error, producing a smooth surface reconstruction of the entire scene. Finally, the object is segmented from the remaining scene using a proposed 2D-3D segmentation that incorporates image and depth cues with priors and regulariza…
Reconstruction of the soft tissues in robotic surgery from endoscopic stereo videos is important for many applications such as intra-operative navigation and image-guided robotic surgery automation. Previous works on this task mainly rely on SLAM-based approaches, which struggle to handle complex surgical scenes. Inspired by recent progress in neural rendering, we present a novel framework for deformable tissue reconstruction from binocular captures in robotic surgery under the single-viewpoint setting. Our framework adopts dynamic neural radiance fields to represent deformable surgical scenes…
Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology（斯科尔科沃科学技术学院）；Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology（莫斯科物理技术学院）
Deep learning convolutional neural networks have proved to be a powerful tool for MRI analysis. In current work, we explore the potential of the deformable convolutional deep neural network layers for MRI data classification. We propose new 3D deformable convolutions(d-convolutions), implement them in VoxResNet architecture and apply for structural MRI data classification. We show that 3D d-convolutions outperform standard ones and are effective for unprocessed 3D MR images being robust to particular geometrical properties of the data. Firstly proposed dVoxResNet architecture exhibits high pot…
Many deep learning based methods are designed to remove non-uniform (spatially variant) motion blur caused by object motion and camera shake without knowing the blur kernel. Some methods directly output the latent sharp image in one stage, while others utilize a multi-stage strategy (\eg multi-scale, multi-patch, or multi-temporal) to gradually restore the sharp image. However, these methods have the following two main issues: 1) The computational cost of multi-stage is high; 2) The same convolution kernel is applied in different regions, which is not an ideal choice for non-uniform blur. Henc…
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign（伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校）；IBM Research AI（IBM 研究院人工智能部门）
Fine-grained action detection is an important task with numerous applications in robotics and human-computer interaction. Existing methods typically utilize a two-stage approach including extraction of local spatio-temporal features followed by temporal modeling to capture long-term dependencies. While most recent papers have focused on the latter (long-temporal modeling), here, we focus on producing features capable of modeling fine-grained motion more efficiently. We propose a novel locally-consistent deformable convolution, which utilizes the change in receptive fields and enforces a local …
