arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 1908.09171cs.ROcs.AIcs.LG
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使用学习的背景进行感知视野之外的规划

Planning Beyond the Sensing Horizon Using a Learned Context

Massachusetts Institute of Technology(麻省理工学院);Ford Motor Company(福特汽车公司)

Michael Everett, Justin Miller, Jonathan P. How

摘要:

最后一英里交付系统通常建议使用自动机器人车辆来提高可扩展性和效率。收集精确的先验地图用于导航的经济效率低下促使使用在未绘制地图的环境中操作的规划算法。然而,这些算法通常浪费时间探索不太可能包含递送目的地的区域。上下文是关于结构化环境的关键信息,可以引导对未知目标位置的探索,但抽象的想法是难以量化的规划算法中使用。一些方法专门考虑对象之间的上下文关系,但在户外等对象稀疏的环境中表现不佳。最近的基于深度学习的方法对上下文的考虑过于笼统,使得训练/可移植性变得困难。因此,这项工作提出了一种新的配方,利用上下文规划作为一个图像到图像的翻译问题,这是从语义网格图提取地形上下文,到一个基于探索的规划师可以使用的度量。所提出的框架具有在静态数据集上进行训练的优点,而不需要耗时的模拟器。在42个具有卫星图像布局的测试房屋中,经过训练的算法使机器人能够比不知道上下文的规划者更快地达到目标189%,并且在使用先前地图计算的最佳路径的63%以内。该算法还实现了一个车辆上的一个面向前的摄像头在高保真,虚幻的模拟邻里的房子。

英文摘要:

Last-mile delivery systems commonly propose the use of autonomous robotic vehicles to increase scalability and efficiency. The economic inefficiency of collecting accurate prior maps for navigation motivates the use of planning algorithms that operate in unmapped environments. However, these algorithms typically waste time exploring regions that are unlikely to contain the delivery destination. Context is key information about structured environments that could guide exploration toward the unknown goal location, but the abstract idea is difficult to quantify for use in a planning algorithm. Some approaches specifically consider contextual relationships between objects, but would perform poorly in object-sparse environments like outdoors. Recent deep learning-based approaches consider context too generally, making training/transferability difficult. Therefore, this work proposes a novel formulation of utilizing context for planning as an image-to-image translation problem, which is shown to extract terrain context from semantic gridmaps, into a metric that an exploration-based planner can use. The proposed framework has the benefit of training on a static dataset instead of requiring a time-consuming simulator. Across 42 test houses with layouts from satellite images, the trained algorithm enables a robot to reach its goal 189\% faster than with a context-unaware planner, and within 63\% of the optimal path computed with a prior map. The proposed algorithm is also implemented on a vehicle with a forward-facing camera in a high-fidelity, Unreal simulation of neighborhood houses.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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