The ALPINE-ALMA [CII] Survey: A Triple Merger at z~4.56
G. C. Jones, M. Bethermin, Y. Fudamoto, M. Ginolfi, P. Capak, P. Cassata, A. Faisst, O. Le Fevre, D. Schaerer, J. Silverman, L. Yan, S. Bardelli, M. Boquien, A.… 展开作者
G. C. Jones, M. Bethermin, Y. Fudamoto, M. Ginolfi, P. Capak, P. Cassata, A. Faisst, O. Le Fevre, D. Schaerer, J. Silverman, L. Yan, S. Bardelli, M. Boquien, A. Cimatti, M. Dessauges-Zavadsky, M. Giavalisco, C. Gruppioni, E. Ibar, Y. Khusanova, A. M. Koekemoer, B. C. Lemaux, F. Loiacono, R. Maiolino, P. A. Oesch, F. Pozzi, D. Riechers, G. Rodighiero, M. Talia, L. Vallini, D. Vergani, G. Zamorani, E. Zucca
We report the detection of [CII]158um emission from a system of three closely-separated sources in the COSMOS field at z~4.56, as part of the ALMA Large Program to INvestigate CII at Early times (ALPINE). The two dominant sources are closely associated, both spatially (1.6"~11kpc) and in velocity (~100km/s), while the third source is slightly more distant (2.8"~18kpc, ~300km/s). The second strongest source features a slight velocity gradient, while no significant velocity gradient is seen in the other two sources. Using the observed [CII] luminosities, we derive a total log(SFR_[CII]/[Msol/year])=2.8+/-0.2, which may be split into contributions of 59%, 31%, and 10% from the central, east, and west sources, respectively. Comparison of these [CII] detections to recent zoom-in cosmological simulations suggests an ongoing major merger. We are thus witnessing a system in a major phase of mass build-up by merging, including an on-going major merger and an upcoming minor merger, which is expected to end up in a single massive galaxy by z~2.5.
The [CII] 158 micron line is one of the strongest IR emission lines, which has been shown to trace the star-formation rate (SFR) of galaxies in the nearby Universe and up to $z \sim 2$. Whether this is also the case at higher redshift and in the early Universe remains debated. The ALPINE survey, which targeted 118 star-forming galaxies at $4.4 < z< 5.9$, provides a new opportunity to examine this question with the first statistical dataset. Using the ALPINE data and earlier measurements from the literature we examine the relation between the [CII] luminosity and the SFR over the entire redshif…
The [CII] 158$~μ$m emission line represents so far one of the most profitable tools for the investigation of the high-redshift galaxies in the early Universe. Being one of the brightest cooling lines in the rest-frame far-infrared regime of star-forming galaxies, it has been successfully exploited as a tracer of star-formation rate (SFR) in local sources. The picture is more complex at higher redshifts, where its usability in this context is still under investigation. Recent results from the ALMA Large Program to INvestigate [CII] at Early times (ALPINE) survey suggest that there is no (or wea…
While the kinematics of galaxies up to z~3 have been characterized in detail, only a handful of galaxies at high redshift (z>4) have been examined in such a way. The Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) Large Program to INvestigate [CII] at Early times (ALPINE) survey observed a statistically significant sample of 118 star-forming main sequence galaxies at z=4.4-5.9 in [CII]158um emission, increasing the number of such observations by nearly 10x. A preliminary qualitative classification of these sources revealed a diversity of kinematic types (i.e., rotators, mergers, and disper…
We report the serendipitous discovery of a bright galaxy (Gal-A) observed as part of the ALMA Large Program to INvestigate [CII] at Early times (ALPINE). While this galaxy is detected both in line and continuum emission in ALMA Band 7, it is completely dark in UV/optical filters and only presents a marginal detection in the UltraVISTA Ks band. We discuss the nature of the observed ALMA line, i.e. whether the emission comes from [CII] at z~4.6, or from high-J CO transitions at z~2.2. In the first case we find a [CII]-to-FIR luminosity ratio of log(L_[CII]/L_FIR)=-2.5, consistent with the averag…
We present the first [CII] 158 $μ$m luminosity function (LF) at $z\sim 5$ from a sample of serendipitous lines detected in the ALMA Large Program to INvestigate [CII] at Early times (ALPINE). A search performed over the 118 ALPINE pointings revealed several serendipitous lines. Based on their fidelity, we selected 14 lines for the final catalog. According to the redshift of their counterparts, we identified 8 out of 14 detections as [CII] lines at $z\sim 5$, and two as CO transitions at lower redshifts. The remaining 4 lines have an elusive identification in the available catalogs and we consi…
We present the [CII]158$μ$m line luminosity functions (LFs) at $z\sim4-6$ using the ALMA observations of 118 sources, which are selected to have UV luminosity $M_{1500A}<-20.2$ and optical spectroscopic redshifts in COSMOS and ECDF-S. Of the 118 targets, 75 have significant [CII] detections and 43 are upper limits. This is by far the largest sample of [CII] detections which allows us to set constraints to the volume density of [CII] emitters at $z\sim4-6$. But because this is a UV-selected sample, we are missing [CII]-bright but UV-faint sources making our constraints strict lower limits. Our …
We present $10$ main-sequence ALPINE galaxies (log($M/M_{\odot}$) = 9.2-11.1 and ${\rm SFR}=23-190\,{\rm M_{\odot}\,yr^{-1}}$) at $z\sim4.5$ with optical [OII] measurements from Keck/MOSFIRE spectroscopy and Subaru/MOIRCS narrow-band imaging. This is the largest such multi-wavelength sample at these redshifts, combining various measurements in the ultra-violet, optical, and far-infrared including [CII]$_{158{\rm μm}}$ line emission and dust continuum from ALMA and H$α$ emission from Spitzer photometry. For the first time, this unique sample allows us to analyze the relation between [OII] and t…
We present the ancillary data and basic physical measurements for the galaxies in the ALMA Large Program to Investigate C+ at Early Times (ALPINE) survey - the first large multi-wavelength survey which aims at characterizing the gas and dust properties of 118 main-sequence galaxies at redshifts 4.4 < z < 5.9 via the measurement of [CII]-emission at 158 micro-meter (64% at >3.5$σ$) and the surrounding far-infrared (FIR) continuum in conjunction with a wealth of optical and near-infrared data. We outline in detail the spectroscopic data and selection of the galaxies as well as the ground- and sp…
The dust content of normal galaxies and the dust mass density (DMD) at high-z (z>4) are unconstrained given the source confusion and the sensitivity limitations of previous observations. The ALMA Large Program to INvestigate [CII] at Early Times (ALPINE), which targeted 118 UV-selected star-forming galaxies at 4.4<z<5.9, provides a new opportunity to tackle this issue for the first time with a statistically robust dataset. We have exploited the rest-frame far-infrared (FIR) fluxes of the 23 continuum individually detected galaxies and stacks of continuum images to measure the dust content of t…
ALMA observations have revealed that many high redshift galaxies are surrounded by extended (10-15 kpc) [CII]-emitting halos which are not predicted by even the most advanced zoom-in simulations. Using a semi-analytical model, in a previous work we suggested that such halos are produced by starburst-driven, catastrophically cooling outflows. Here, we further improve the model and compare its predictions with data from 7 star-forming ($10\lesssim \rm SFR/ M_\odot \rm yr^{-1}<100$) galaxies at z=4-6, observed in the ALPINE survey. We find that (a) detected [CII] halos are a natural by-product of…
Galaxy mergers are thought to be one of the main mechanisms of the mass assembly of galaxies. Recently, many works have suggested a possible increase in the fraction of major mergers in the early Universe, reviving the debate on which processes (e.g., cold accretion, star formation, mergers) most contribute to the mass build-up of galaxies through cosmic time. To estimate the importance of major mergers in this context, we make use of the new data collected by the ALMA Large Program to INvestigate [CII] at Early times (ALPINE), which observed the [CII] 158 $μ$m emission line from a sample of 7…
The molecular gas content of normal galaxies at z>4 is poorly constrained, because the commonly used molecular gas tracers become hard to detect. We use the [CII]158um luminosity, recently proposed as a molecular gas tracer, to estimate the molecular gas content in a large sample of main-sequence star-forming galaxies at z=4.4-5.9, with a median stellar mass of 10^9.7 Msun, drawn from the ALMA Large Program to INvestigate [CII] at Early times (ALPINE) survey. The agreement between molecular gas masses derived from [CII] luminosity, dynamical mass, and rest-frame 850um luminosity, extrapolated …
We present the radio properties of 66 spectroscopically-confirmed normal star-forming galaxies (SFGs) at $4.4<z<5.9$ in the COSMOS field that were [C II] detected in the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) Large Program to INvestigate [C II] at Early times (ALPINE). We separate these galaxies ("CII-detected-all") into lower redshift ("CII-detected-lz", $\langle z\rangle=4.5$) and higher redshift ("CII-detected-hz", $\langle z\rangle=5.6$) sub-samples and stack multi-wavelength imaging for each sub-sample from X-ray to radio bands. A radio signal is detected in the stacked 3 GHz image of CII-…
We present the physical extent of [CII] 158um line-emitting gas from 46 star-forming galaxies at z=4-6 from the ALMA Large Program to INvestigate CII at Early Times (ALPINE). Using exponential profile fits, we measure the effective radius of the [CII] line (r_e,[CII]) for individual galaxies and compare them with the rest-frame ultra-violet (UV) continuum (r_e,UV) from Hubble Space Telescope images. The effective radius r_e,[CII] exceeds r_e,UV by factors of ~2-3 and the ratio of r_e,[CII]/r_e,UV increases as a function of M_star. We do not find strong evidence that [CII] line, the rest-frame …
The ALPINE-ALMA large program targets the [CII] 158 $μ$m line and the far-infrared continuum in 118 spectroscopically confirmed star-forming galaxies between z=4.4 and z=5.9. It represents the first large [CII] statistical sample built in this redshift range. We present details of the data processing and the construction of the catalogs. We detected 23 of our targets in the continuum. To derive accurate infrared luminosities and obscured star formation rates, we measured the conversion factor from the ALMA 158 $μ$m rest-frame dust continuum luminosity to the total infrared luminosity (L$_{\rm …
Star formation rate (SFR) measurements at z>4 have relied mostly on rest-frame far-ultraviolet (FUV) observations. The corrections for dust attenuation based on IRX-$β$ relation are highly uncertain and are still debated in the literature. Hence, rest-frame far-infrared (FIR) observations are necessary to constrain the dust-obscured component of the SFR. In this paper, we exploit the rest-frame FIR continuum observations collected by the ALMA Large Program to INvestigate [CII] at Early times (ALPINE) to directly constrain the obscured SFR in galaxies at 4.4<z<5.9. We use stacks of continuum im…
The ALMA-ALPINE [CII] survey is aimed at characterizing the properties of a sample of normal star-forming galaxies (SFGs). The ALMA Large Program to INvestigate (ALPINE) features 118 galaxies observed in the [CII]-158$μ$m line and far infrared (FIR) continuum emission during the period of rapid mass assembly, right after the end of the HI reionization, at redshifts of 4<z<6. We present the survey science goals, the observational strategy, and the sample selection of the 118 galaxies observed with ALMA, with an average beam minor axis of about 0.85 arcsec, or $\sim$5 kpc at the median redshift …
There is now ample evidence that dust is already present in abundance at high z. However, given the faintness of distant galaxies in the optical and the NIR, datasets are still limited and how the dust affects the emerging radiation of galaxies at very high redshift is not yet fully understood. Using the ALPINE survey, our objective is to quantify the dust attenuation properties in galaxies at z=4.4-5.5, and in particular the shape of their attenuation curve. Using the CIGALE code, we model the stellar populations and their interaction with the dust in order to measure some of the physical pro…
We present ALMA observations of a merging system at z ~ 4.57, observed as a part of the ALMA Large Program to INvestigate [CII] at Early times (ALPINE) survey. Combining ALMA [CII] 158 micron and far-infrared continuum data with multi-wavelength ancillary data we find that the system is composed of two massive (Mstar >~ 10^10 Msun) star-forming galaxies experiencing a major merger (stellar mass ratio r_mass ~ 0.9) at close spatial (~13 kpc; projected) and velocity (delta_v < 300 km/s) separations, and two additional faint narrow [CII]-emitting satellites. The overall system belongs to a larger…
The Lya line in the UV and the [CII] line in the FIR are widely used tools to identify galaxies and to obtain insights into ISM properties in the early Universe. By combining data obtained with ALMA in band 7 at ~ 320 GHz as part of the ALMA Large Program to INvestigate [CII] at Early Times (ALPINE) with spectroscopic data from DEIMOS at Keck, VIMOS and FORS2 at the VLT, we assembled a unique sample of 53 main-sequence star-forming galaxies at 4.4 < z < 6 in which we detect both the Lya line and the [CII]. We used [CII], observed with ALMA, as a tracer of the systemic velocity of the galaxies,…
We study the efficiency of galactic feedback in the early Universe by stacking the [C II] 158 um emission in a large sample of normal star-forming galaxies at 4 < z < 6 from the ALMA Large Program to INvestigate [C II] at Early times (ALPINE) survey. Searching for typical signatures of outflows in the high-velocity tails of the stacked [C II] profile, we observe (i) deviations from a single-component Gaussian model in the combined residuals and (ii) broad emission in the stacked [C II] spectrum, with velocities of |v|<~ 500 km/s. The significance of these features increases when stacking the s…
We present the detailed characterisation of a sample of 56 sources serendipitously detected in ALMA band 7, as part of the ALMA Large Program to INvestigate CII at Early Times (ALPINE) in COSMOS and ECDFS. These sources have been used to derive the total infrared luminosity function (LF) and to estimate the cosmic star formation rate density (SFRD) up to z=6. We have looked for counterparts in all the available multi-wavelength and photometric redshift catalogues, and in deeper near- and mid-IR source lists and maps, to identify optically dark sources with no matches in the public catalogues. …
We report the result from observations conducted with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) to detect [CII] 158 um fine structure line emission from galaxies embedded in one of the most spectacular Lyman-alpha blobs (LABs) at z=3.1, SSA22-LAB1. Of three dusty star-forming galaxies previously discovered by ALMA 860 um dust continuum survey toward SSA22-LAB1, we detected the [CII] line from one, LAB1-ALMA3 at z=3.0993+/-0.0004. No line emission was detected, associated with the other ALMA continuum sources or from three rest-frame UV/optical selected z_spec~3.1 galaxies within …
Himiko is one of the most luminous Lyα emitters at z = 6.595. It has three star forming clumps detected in the rest-frame UV, with a total SFR = 20 M$_\odot$/yr. We report the ALMA detection of the [CII]158$μ$m line emission in this galaxy with a significance of 9$σ$. The total [CII] luminosity (L[CII]= (1.2$\pm$0.2)$\times$10$^{8}$ L$_{\odot}$) is fully consistent with the local L[CII]-SFR relation. The ALMA high-angular resolution reveals that the [CII] emission is made of two distinct components. The brightest [CII] clump is extended over 4 kpc and is located on the peak of the Lyα nebula, …
We present dust attenuation properties of spectroscopically confirmed star forming galaxies on the main sequence at a redshift of ~4.4-5.8. Our analyses are based on the far infrared continuum observations of 118 galaxies at rest-frame 158μm obtained with the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) Large Program to INvestigate [CII] at Early times (ALPINE). We study the connection between the ultraviolet (UV) spectral slope ($β$), stellar mass (M_*), and infrared excess (IRX=L_IR/L_UV). Twenty-three galaxies are individually detected in the continuum at >3.5 sigma significance. We perform a stac…
A multiwavelength study of galaxies is important to understand their formation and evolution. Only in the recent past, thanks to the Atacama Large (Sub) Millimeter Array (ALMA), were we able to study the far-infrared (IR) properties of galaxies at high redshifts. In this article, we summarize recent research highlights and their significance to our understanding of early galaxy evolution from the ALPINE survey, a large program with ALMA to observe the dust continuum and 158um C+ emission of normal star-forming galaxies at z = 4-6. Combined with ancillary data at UV through near-IR wavelengths,…
We present a result of a blind search for [CII] 158 $μ$m emitters at $z\sim 4.5$ using ALMA Cycle~0 archival data. We collected extra-galactic data covering at 330-360 GHz (band~7) from 8 Cycle~0 projects from which initial results have been already published. The total number of fields is 243 and the total on-source exposure time is 19.2 hours. We searched for line emitters in continuum-subtracted data cubes with spectral resolutions of 50, 100, 300 and 500 km/s. We could not detect any new line emitters above a 6-$σ$ significance level. This result provides upper limits to the [CII] luminosi…
The ALMA Spectroscopic Survey in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (ASPECS) Band 6 scan (212-272 GHz) covers potential [CII] emission in galaxies at $6\leq z \leq8$ throughout a 2.9 arcmin$^2$ area. By selecting on known Lyman-$α$ emitters (LAEs) and photometric dropout galaxies in the field, we perform targeted searches down to a 5$σ$ [CII] luminosity depth $L_{\mathrm{[CII]}}\sim2.0\times10^8$ L$_{\odot}$, corresponding roughly to star formation rates (SFRs) of $10$-$20$ M$_{\odot}$ yr$^{-1}$ when applying a locally calibrated conversion for star-forming galaxies, yielding zero detections. While t…
We present high spatial-resolution (~2kpc) Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations of [CII] 158um and dust-continuum emission from a galaxy at z=3.7978 selected by its strong HI absorption (a damped Lya absorber, DLA) against a background QSO. Our ALMA images reveal a pair of star-forming galaxies separated by ~6kpc (projected) undergoing a major merger. Between these galaxies is a third emission component with highly elevated (2x) [CII] 158um emission relative to the dust continuum, which is likely to arise from stripped gas associated with the merger. This merger of …
The [CII]$_{158μm}$ line has long been proposed as a promising line to spectroscopically confirm galaxies in the epoch of reionization. In this paper we present the results of new ALMA observations spectral scanning for [CII] in six particularly luminous Lyman Break Galaxies at $z\sim7$. The six sources were drawn from a sample of bright $z\sim7$ galaxies identified using the wide-area optical, near-IR, and Spitzer/IRAC data over the COSMOS/UltraVISTA field and were targeted on the basis of tight constraints on their redshifts from their IRAC [3.6]-[4.5] colors. We detect significant ($>9σ$) […
We present our new ALMA observations targeting [OIII]88um, [CII]158um, [NII]122um, and dust continuum emission for three Lyman break galaxies at z=6.0293-6.2037 identified in the Subaru/Hyper Suprime-Cam survey. We clearly detect [OIII] and [CII] lines from all of the galaxies at 4.3-11.8sigma levels, and identify multi-band dust continuum emission in two of the three galaxies, allowing us to estimate infrared luminosities and dust temperatures simultaneously. In conjunction with previous ALMA observations for six galaxies at z>6, we confirm that all the nine z=6-9 galaxies have high [OIII]/[C…
We present the average [CII] $158\,\rm{μm}$ emission line sizes of UV-bright star-forming galaxies at $z\sim7$. Our results are derived from a stacking analysis of [CII] $158\,\rm{μm}$ emission lines and dust continua observed by ALMA, taking advantage of the large program Reionization Era Bright Emission Line Survey (REBELS). We find that the average [CII] emission at $z\sim7$ has an effective radius $r_e$ of $2.2\pm0.2\,\rm{kpc}$. It is $\gtrsim2\times$ larger than the dust continuum and the rest-frame UV emission, in agreement with recently reported measurements for $z\lesssim6$ galaxies. A…
We present a search for companion [CII] emitters to known luminous sources at $6<$ z $<6.5$ in deep, archival ALMA observations. The observations are deep enough to detect sources with L$_{\rm [CII]} \sim 10^8$ at z $\sim6$. We identify four robust line detections from a blind search of five deep fields centered on ultra-luminous infrared galaxies and QSOs, over an order of magnitude more than expected based on current observations and predictions, suggesting that these objects may be highly biased tracers of mass in the early Universe. We find these companion lines to have comparable properti…
Until recently, determining the rotational properties of galaxies in the early universe (z>4, Universe age <1.5Gyr) was impractical, with the exception of a few strongly lensed systems. Combining the high resolution and sensitivity of ALMA at (sub-) millimeter wavelengths with the typically high strength of the [CII] 158um emission line from galaxies and long-developed dynamical modeling tools raises the possibility of characterizing the gas dynamics in both extreme starburst galaxies and normal star forming disk galaxies at z~4-7. Using a procedure centered around GIPSY's ROTCUR task, we have…
Our objectives are to determine the properties of the interstellar medium (ISM) and of star-formation in typical star-forming galaxies at high redshift. Following up on our previous multi-wavelength observations with HST, Spitzer, Herschel, and the Plateau de Bure Interferometer (PdBI), we have studied a strongly lensed z=2.013 galaxy, the arc behind the galaxy cluster MACS J0451+0006, with ALMA to measure the [CII] 158 micron emission line, one of the main coolants of the ISM. [CII] emission from the southern part of this galaxy is detected at 10 $σ$. Taking into account strong gravitational …
We present spatially resolved ALMA [CII] observations of the bright (flux density S=400 mJy at 350 microns), gravitationally lensed, starburst galaxy PLCK G045.1+61.1 at z=3.427, the "Garnet". This source is part of our set of "Planck's Dusty GEMS", discovered with the Planck's all-sky survey. Two emission-line clouds with a relative velocity offset of ~600 km/s extend towards north-east and south-west, respectively, of a small, intensely star-forming clump with a star-formation intensity of 220 Msun/yr/kpc^2, akin to maximal starbursts. [CII] is also seen in absorption, with a redshift of +35…
We present the detection of $^{12}$CO(2-1) in the $z = 4.44$ submillimetre galaxy ALESS65.1 using the Australia Telescope Compact Array. A previous ALMA study of submillimetre galaxies in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South determined the redshift of this optically and near-infrared undetected source through the measurement of [CII] 157.74 $μ$m emission. Using the luminosity of the $^{12}$CO(2-1) emission we estimate the gas mass to be $M_{\rm gas} \sim 1.7 \times 10^{10}$ ${\rm M}_\odot$. The gas depletion timescale of ALESS65.1 is $\sim$ 25 Myr, similar to other high redshift submillimetre…
We present new results on [CII]158$μ$ m emission from four galaxies in the reionization epoch. These galaxies were previously confirmed to be at redshifts between 6.6 and 7.15 from the presence of the Ly$α$ emission line in their spectra. The Ly$α$ emission line is redshifted by 100-200 km/s compared to the systemic redshift given by the [CII] line. These velocity offsets are smaller than what is observed in z~3 Lyman break galaxies with similar UV luminosities and emission line properties. Smaller velocity shifts reduce the visibility of Ly$α$ and hence somewhat alleviate the need for a very …
We present new ALMA observations of the [OIII]88$μ$m line and high angular resolution observations of the [CII]158$μ$m line in a normal star forming galaxy at z$=$7.1. Previous [CII] observations of this galaxy had detected [CII] emission consistent with the Ly$α$ redshift but spatially slightly offset relative to the optical (UV-rest frame) emission. The new [CII] observations reveal that the [CII] emission is partly clumpy and partly diffuse on scales larger than about 1kpc. [OIII] emission is also detected at high significance, offset relative to the optical counterpart in the same directio…
We present spatially resolved Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) [CII] observations of the z=4.7555 submillimetre galaxy, ALESS 73.1. Our 0.5" FWHM map resolves the [CII] emitting gas which is centred close to the active galactic nucleus (AGN). The gas kinematics are dominated by rotation but with high turbulence, v_rot/sigma_int~3.1, and a Toomre Q parameter <1 throughout the disk. By fitting three independent thin rotating disk models to our data, we derive a total dynamical mass of 3+-2x10^10 M_sol. This is close to the molecular gas mass derived from previous CO(2-1) obser…
We present a search for [CII] line and dust continuum emission from optical dropout galaxies at $z>6$ using ASPECS, our ALMA Spectroscopic Survey in the Hubble Ultra-Deep Field (UDF). Our observations, which cover the frequency range $212-272$ GHz, encompass approximately the range $6<z<8$ for [CII] line emission and reach a limiting luminosity of L$_{\rm [CII]}\sim$(1.6-2.5)$\times$10$^{8}$ L$_{\odot}$. We identify fourteen [CII] line emitting candidates in this redshift range with significances $>$4.5 $σ$, two of which correspond to blind detections with no optical counterparts. At this sign…
The properties of galaxies at redshift $z>6$ hold the key to our understanding of the early stages of galaxy evolution and can potentially identify the sources of the ultraviolet radiation that give rise to the epoch of reionisation. The far-infrared cooling line of [CII] at 158$μ$m is known to be bright and correlate with the star formation rate (SFR) of low-redshift galaxies, and hence is also suggested to be an important tracer of star formation and interstellar medium properties for very high-redshift galaxies. With the aim to study the interstellar medium properties of gravitationally len…
We present ALMA observations of the [CII] line and far-infrared (FIR) continuum of a normally star-forming galaxy in the reionization epoch, the z=6.96 Ly-alpha emitter (LAE) IOK-1. Probing to sensitivities of sigma_line = 240 micro-Jy/beam (40 km/s channel) and sigma_cont = 21 micro-Jy/beam, we found the galaxy undetected in both [CII] and continuum. Comparison of UV - FIR spectral energy distribution (SED) of IOK-1, including our ALMA limit, with those of several types of local galaxies (including the effects of the cosmic microwave background, CMB, on the FIR continuum) suggests that IOK-1 …
We report on ALMA observations of D1, a system at z~6.15 with stellar mass M_* ~ 10^7 M_sun containing globular cluster (GC) precursors, strongly magnified by the galaxy cluster MACS J0416.1-2403. Since the discovery of GC progenitors at high redshift, ours is the first attempt to probe directly the physical properties of their neutral gas through infrared observations. A careful analysis of our dataset, performed with a suitable procedure designed to identify faint narrow lines and which can test various possible values for the unknown linewidth value, allowed us to identify a 4-sigma tentati…
We report Atacama Large Millimetre/submillimeter Array (ALMA) Cycle-5 follow-up observations of two candidate [CII] emitters at z ~ 6 in the ALMA deep field in SSA22 (ADF22). The candidates were detected blindly in a Cycle-2 ALMA survey covering ~ 5 square arcmins, with a single tuning, along with two CO lines associated with galaxies at lower redshifts. Various tests suggested at least one of the two > 6-sigma [CII] candidates should be robust (Hayatsu et al. 2017). Nevertheless, our new, deeper observations recover neither candidate, demonstrating a higher contamination rate than expected. T…
We report the identification of four millimeter line emitting galaxies with the Atacama Large Milli/submillimeter Array (ALMA) in SSA22 Field (ADF22). We analyze the ALMA 1.1 mm survey data, with an effective survey area of 5 arcmin$^2$, a frequency range of 253.1--256.8 and 269.1--272.8 GHz, angular resolution of 0".7 and RMS noise of 0.8 mJy beam$^{-1}$ at 36 km s$^{-1}$ velocity resolution. We detect four line emitter candidates with significance levels above $6 σ$. We identify one of the four sources as a CO(9-8) emitter at $z = 3.1$ in a member of the proto-cluster known in this field. An…
The Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) provides the only laboratory to study the structure of molecular gas at high resolution and low metallicity. We present results from the Herschel Spectroscopic Survey of the SMC (HS$^{3}$), which mapped the key far-IR cooling lines [CII], [OI], [NII], and [OIII] in five star-forming regions, and new ALMA 7m-array maps of $^{12}$CO and $^{13}$CO $(2-1)$ with coverage overlapping four of the five HS$^{3}$ regions. We detect [CII] and [OI] throughout all of the regions mapped. The data allow us to compare the structure of the molecular clouds and surrounding photo…
We present spatially-resolved morphological properties of [CII] 158 $μ$m, [OIII] 88 $μ$m, dust, and rest-frame ultraviolet (UV) continuum emission for A1689-zD1, a strongly lensed, sub-L* galaxy at $z=7.13$, by utilizing deep Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) and Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations. While the [OIII] line and UV continuum are compact, the [CII] line is extended up to a radius of $r \sim 12$ kpc. Using multi-band rest-frame far-infrared (FIR) continuum data ranging from 52-400 $μ$m, we find an average dust temperature and emissivity index of $T_{\rm dust}…
We report on the detection of the [CII] 157.7 $μ$m emission from the Lyman break galaxy (LBG) MACS0416_Y1 at z = 8.3113, by using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). The luminosity ratio of [OIII] 88 $μ$m (from previous campaigns) to [CII] is 9.31 $\pm$ 2.6, indicative of hard interstellar radiation fields and/or a low covering fraction of photo-dissociation regions. The emission of [CII] is cospatial to the 850 $μ$m dust emission (90 $μ$m rest-frame, from previous campaigns), however the peak [CII] emission does not agree with the peak [OIII] emission, suggesting that the…
We present spectroscopic follow-up observations of CR7 with ALMA, targeted at constraining the infrared (IR) continuum and [CII]$_{158 μ\rm m}$ line-emission at high spatial resolution matched to the HST/WFC3 imaging. CR7 is a luminous Ly$α$ emitting galaxy at $z=6.6$ that consists of three separated UV-continuum components. Our observations reveal several well-separated components of [CII] emission. The two most luminous components in [CII] coincide with the brightest UV components (A and B), blue-shifted by $\approx 150$ km s$^{-1}$ with respect to the peak of Ly$α$ emission. Other [CII] com…
