arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 1908.07332cs.RO
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乒乓球机器人可靠的实时球跟踪

Reliable Real Time Ball Tracking for Robot Table Tennis

Max-Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems(马克斯·普朗克智能系统研究所);Technische Universität Darmstadt(达姆施塔特工业大学)

Sebastian Gomez-Gonzalez, Yassine Nemmour, Bernhard Schölkopf, Jan Peters

摘要:

机器人乒乓球系统需要一个视觉系统,可以跟踪球的位置与低延迟和高采样率。改变球以简化跟踪,例如使用红外涂层改变球轨迹的物理特性。因此,乒乓球系统使用定制跟踪系统来基于启发式算法跟踪球,该启发式算法考虑应用于利用一组相机捕获的RGB图像的实时的约束。然而,这些启发式算法经常报告错误的球位置,并且乒乓球策略通常需要结合额外的启发式算法来检测并可能纠正异常值。在本文中,我们提出了一个视觉系统的目标检测和跟踪,专注于可靠性,同时提供实时的性能。我们的假设是,通过使用多个摄像机,我们可以通过检查与其他摄像机报告的位置的一致性来发现并丢弃在目标检测阶段中获得的误差。我们提供了一个开源的实现建议的跟踪系统,以简化未来的研究,在机器人乒乓球或相关的跟踪应用程序具有很强的实时的要求。我们评估所提出的系统在模拟和真实系统中彻底,优于以前的工作。此外,我们表明,所提出的系统的准确性和鲁棒性增加更多的摄像头。最后,我们评估了乒乓球比赛的实际机器人使用建议的视觉系统的现有方法的性能。与以前的视觉系统相比,我们测量到性能略有提高,即使在删除了以前存在的所有错误的球观察。

英文摘要:

Robot table tennis systems require a vision system that can track the ball position with low latency and high sampling rate. Altering the ball to simplify the tracking using for instance infrared coating changes the physics of the ball trajectory. As a result, table tennis systems use custom tracking systems to track the ball based on heuristic algorithms respecting the real time constrains applied to RGB images captured with a set of cameras. However, these heuristic algorithms often report erroneous ball positions, and the table tennis policies typically need to incorporate additional heuristics to detect and possibly correct outliers. In this paper, we propose a vision system for object detection and tracking that focus on reliability while providing real time performance. Our assumption is that by using multiple cameras, we can find and discard the errors obtained in the object detection phase by checking for consistency with the positions reported by other cameras. We provide an open source implementation of the proposed tracking system to simplify future research in robot table tennis or related tracking applications with strong real time requirements. We evaluate the proposed system thoroughly in simulation and in the real system, outperforming previous work. Furthermore, we show that the accuracy and robustness of the proposed system increases as more cameras are added. Finally, we evaluate the table tennis playing performance of an existing method in the real robot using the proposed vision system. We measure a slight increase in performance compared to a previous vision system even after removing all the heuristics previously present to filter out erroneous ball observations.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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