几种NWP车型配置的能效评估报告
Report on energy-efficiency evaluation of several NWP model configurations
摘要：
本文档是为ESCAPE项目创建的可交付成果报告之一。ESCAPE是Energy-efficient Scalable Algorithms for Weather Prediction at Exascale的缩写。该项目为欧洲业务数值天气预报和未来气候模型开发世界级的极端规模计算能力。这是通过识别天气和气候侏儒来完成的，这些侏儒是计算和通信方面的关键模式（本着伯克利侏儒的精神）。然后针对不同的硬件架构（单节点和多节点）优化这些侏儒，并探索替代算法。性能可移植性是通过使用领域特定的语言来解决的。在本交付成果中，我们报告了英特尔E5- 2697 v4处理器上的许多NWP型号/侏儒的能耗测量结果。记录所选择的能量指标和能量测量方法。在双傅立叶矮（BiFFT）、Acraneb矮、ALARO 2.5 km局域模型参考配置（Bénard et al. 2010，Bubnova et al. 1995）和COSMO-EULAG局域模型参考配置（Piotrowski et al. 2018）上进行能量测量。结果表明，消耗的能量对挂钟的时间性能的U形依赖。这种形状可以从计算节点的平均功率对所使用的核心总数的依赖性来解释。我们比较了E5- 2697 v4处理器上的BiFFT dwarf与Optalysys光学处理器上的BiFFT dwarf的能耗。后者被认为是更少的能源成本，但同时它也是唯一的度量，他们优于经典的CPU。就挂钟时间，特别是数值精度而言，它们是非竞争性的。
英文摘要：
This document is one of the deliverable reports created for the ESCAPE project. ESCAPE stands for Energy-efficient Scalable Algorithms for Weather Prediction at Exascale. The project develops world-class, extreme-scale computing capabilities for European operational numerical weather prediction and future climate models. This is done by identifying Weather & Climate dwarfs which are key patterns in terms of computation and communication (in the spirit of the Berkeley dwarfs). These dwarfs are then optimised for different hardware architectures (single and multi-node) and alternative algorithms are explored. Performance portability is addressed through the use of domain specific languages. In this deliverable we report on energy consumption measurements of a number of NWP models/dwarfs on the Intel E5-2697v4 processor. The chosen energy metrics and energy measurement methods are documented. Energy measurements are performed on the Bi-Fourier dwarf (BiFFT), the Acraneb dwarf, the ALARO 2.5 km Local Area Model reference configuration (Bénard et al. 2010, Bubnova et al. 1995) and on the COSMO-EULAG Local Area Model reference configuration (Piotrowski et al. 2018). The results show a U-shaped dependence of the consumed energy on the wall-clock time performance. This shape can be explained from the dependence of the average power of the compute nodes on the total number of cores used. We compare the energy consumption of the BiFFT dwarf on the E5-2697v4 processor to that on the Optalysys optical processors. The latter are found to be much less energy costly, but at the same time it is also the only metric where they outperform the classical CPU. They are non-competitive as far as wall-clock time and especially numerical precision are concerned.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
