开发Atlas，一个灵活的数据结构框架
Development of Atlas, a flexible data structure framework
摘要：
本文档是为ESCAPE项目创建的可交付成果报告之一。ESCAPE是Energy-efficient Scalable Algorithms for Weather Prediction at Exascale的缩写。该项目为欧洲业务数值天气预报和未来气候模型开发世界级的极端规模计算能力。这是通过识别天气和气候侏儒来完成的，这些侏儒是计算和通信方面的关键模式（本着伯克利侏儒的精神）。然后针对不同的硬件架构（单节点和多节点）优化这些侏儒，并探索替代算法。性能可移植性是通过使用领域特定的语言来解决的。在这份可交付的报告中，我们介绍了Atlas，这是一个新的软件库，目前正在欧洲中期天气预报中心（ECMWF）开发，其范围是以灵活和大规模并行的方式处理NWP应用所需的数据结构。Atlas为未来在新兴HPC架构上开发高效NWP和气候应用提供了一个通用框架。应用范围从完整的地球系统模型到后处理天气预报产品所需的特定工具。Atlas提供了用于构建各种数值策略的数据结构，以求解球体或球体上有限区域的方程。这些数据结构可以包含点的分布（网格），并且可能包含实现所需的数值运算所需的元素的组合（网格）。Atlas还可以表示特定空间投影中的给定字段。Atlas能够映射不同网格之间的场，作为预处理和后处理阶段的一部分，或者作为耦合过程的一部分，其各自的场在不同的网格或网格上离散化。
英文摘要：
This document is one of the deliverable reports created for the ESCAPE project. ESCAPE stands for Energy-efficient Scalable Algorithms for Weather Prediction at Exascale. The project develops world-class, extreme-scale computing capabilities for European operational numerical weather prediction and future climate models. This is done by identifying Weather & Climate dwarfs which are key patterns in terms of computation and communication (in the spirit of the Berkeley dwarfs). These dwarfs are then optimised for different hardware architectures (single and multi-node) and alternative algorithms are explored. Performance portability is addressed through the use of domain specific languages. In this deliverable report, we present Atlas, a new software library that is currently being developed at the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), with the scope of handling data structures required for NWP applications in a flexible and massively parallel way. Atlas provides a versatile framework for the future development of efficient NWP and climate applications on emerging HPC architectures. The applications range from full Earth system models, to specific tools required for post-processing weather forecast products. Atlas provides data structures for building various numerical strategies to solve equations on the sphere or limited area's on the sphere. These data structures may contain a distribution of points (grid) and, possibly, a composition of elements (mesh), required to implement the numerical operations required. Atlas can also represent a given field within a specific spatial projection. Atlas is capable of mapping fields between different grids as part of pre- and post-processing stages or as part of coupling processes whose respective fields are discretised on different grids or meshes.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
