Observation of Dynamical Fermionization

Partial Fermionization---Spectral Universality in 1D Repulsive Bose Gases

Due to the vast growth of the many-body level density with excitation energy, its smoothed form is of central relevance for spectral and thermodynamic properties of interacting quantum systems. We compute the cumulative of this level density for confined one-dimensional continuous systems with repulsive short-range interactions. We show that the crossover from an ideal Bose gas to the strongly correlated, fermionized gas, i.e., partial fermionization, exhibits universal behavior: Systems with very few up to many particles share the same underlying spectral features. In our derivation we supple…

用于区分费米化玻色子与无相互作用费米子的量子信息论度量

Quantum information theoretic measures to distinguish fermionized bosons from non-interacting fermions

该研究通过数值精确求解含时多玻色子薛定谔方程，结合两体关联分析与Kullback-Leibler相对熵、Jensen-Shannon散度熵等量子信息论度量，明确区分了Tonks-Girardeau极限下的费米化玻色子与无相互作用费米子，并揭示了二者在高阶关联上的差异。

Sudden Expansion of a One-Dimensional Bose Gas from Power-Law Traps

We analyze free expansion of a trapped one-dimensional Bose gas after a sudden release from the confining trap potential. By using the stationary phase and local density approximations, we show that the long-time asymptotic density profile and the momentum distribution of the gas are determined by the initial distribution of Bethe rapidities (quasimomenta) and hence can be obtained from the solutions to the Lieb-Liniger equations in the thermodynamic limit. For expansion from a harmonic trap, and in the limits of very weak and very strong interactions, we recover the self-similar scaling solut…

在周期性踢动超冷气体中观测多体动力学退局域化

Observation of Many-body Dynamical Delocalization in a Kicked Ultracold Gas

本文通过实验研究周期性踢动的一维相互作用超冷气体，观测到相互作用驱动的动力学退局域化和多体量子混沌，并发现其能量呈亚扩散增长，为理论困难的领域提供了新认识。

Observation of quantum dynamical oscillations of ultracold atoms in the F and D bands of an optical lattice

We report the observation of quantum dynamical oscillations of ultracold atomic gases in the F and D bands of a single-well optical lattice. We are able to control the Bragg reflections at the Brillouin zone edge up to the third order. As a result, we can switch the quantum dynamics from oscillations across both the F and D bands to oscillations only within the F-band. Our capability to observe these remarkable oscillations comes from the innovative non-adiabatic technique which allows us to load ultracold atoms efficiently to the G-band of an optical lattice.

Observation of a Transition Between Dynamical Phases in a Quantum Degenerate Fermi Gas

A proposed paradigm for out-of-equilibrium quantum systems is that an analogue of quantum phase transitions exists between parameter regimes of qualitatively distinct time-dependent behavior. Here, we present evidence of such a transition between dynamical phases in a cold-atom quantum simulator of the collective Heisenberg model. Our simulator encodes spin in the hyperfine states of ultracold fermionic potassium. Atoms are pinned in a network of single-particle modes, whose spatial extent emulates the long-range interactions of traditional quantum magnets. We find that below a critical intera…

Observation of Dynamical Super Efimovian Expansion in a Unitary Fermi Gas

We report an observation of a dynamical super Efimovian expansion in a two-component strongly interacting Fermi gas by engineering time dependent external harmonic trap frequencies. When trap frequency is followed as $[1/4t^2+1/t^2λ\log(t/t_*)]^{1/2}$, where $t_*$ and $λ$ are two control parameters, and the change is faster than a critical value, the expansion of such the quantum gas shows a novel dynamics due to its spatial and dynamical scaling symmetry. A clear double-log periodicity, which is a hallmark of the super Efimov effect, is emergent for the cloud size in the expansion. The univer…

Observation of Dynamical Quantum Phase Transition with Correspondence in Excited State Phase Diagram

Dynamical quantum phase transitions are closely related to equilibrium quantum phase transitions for ground states. Here, we report an experimental observation of a dynamical quantum phase transition in a spinor condensate with correspondence in an excited state phase diagram, instead of the ground state one. We observe that the quench dynamics exhibits a non-analytical change with respect to a parameter in the final Hamiltonian in the absence of a corresponding phase transition for the ground state there. We make a connection between this singular point and a phase transition point for the hi…

Observation of a dynamical topological phase transition

Phase transitions are a fundamental concept in science describing diverse phenomena ranging from, e.g., the freezing of water to Bose-Einstein condensation. While the concept is well-established in equilibrium, similarly fundamental concepts for systems far from equilibrium are just being explored, such as the recently introduced dynamical phase transition (DPT). Here we report on the first observation of a DPT in the dynamics of a fermionic many-body state after a quench between two lattice Hamiltonians. With time-resolved state tomography in a system of ultracold atoms in optical lattices, w…

Observation of a dynamical sliding phase superfluid with P-band bosons

Sliding phases have been long sought after in the context of coupled XY-models, as they are of relevance to various many-body systems such as layered superconductors, freestanding liquid-crystal films, and cationic lipid-DNA complexes. Here we report an observation of a dynamical sliding phase superfluid that emerges in a nonequilibrium setting from the quantum dynamics of a three-dimensional ultracold atomic gas loaded into the P-band of a one-dimensional optical lattice. A shortcut loading method is used to transfer atoms into the P-band at zero quasimomentum within a very short time duratio…

Fractional quantum Hall physics and higher-order momentum correlations in a few spinful fermionic contact-interacting ultracold atoms in rotating traps

The fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE) is theoretically investigated, with numerical and algebraic approaches, in assemblies of a few spinful ultracold neutral fermionic atoms, interacting via repulsive contact potentials and confined in a single rapidly rotating two-dimensional harmonic trap. Going beyond the commonly used second-order correlations in the real configuration space, the methodology in this paper will assist the analysis of experimental observations by providing benchmark results for $N$-body spin-unresolved, as well as spin-resolved, momentum correlations measurable in time-…