We investigate valuated matroids with an additional algebraic structure on their residue matroids. We encode the structure in terms of representability over stringent hyperfields.
A hyperfield $H$ is {\em stringent} if $a\boxplus b$ is a singleton unless $a=-b$, for all $a,b\in H$. By a construction of Marc Krasner, each valued field gives rise to a stringent hyperfield.
We show that if $H$ is a stringent skew hyperfield, then the vectors of any weak matroid over $H$ are orthogonal to its covectors, and we deduce that weak matroids over $H$ are strong matroids over $H$. Also, we present vector axioms for matroids over stringent skew hyperfields which generalize the vector axioms for oriented matroids and valuated matroids.
We study realization spaces of matroids over hyperfields (in the sense of Baker and Bowler). More precisely, given a matroid M and a hyperfield H we determine the space of all H-matroids over M. This can be seen as the matroid stratum of the hyperfield Grassmannians in the sense of Anderson and Davis. We give different descriptions of these realization spaces (e.g., in terms of Tutte groups or projective classes), allowing for explicit computations. When the hyperfield at hand is topological, the realization spaces have a natural topology. In this case, our models carry the correct homeomorphi…
Recently, M.~Baker and N.~Bowler introduced the notion of matroids over hyperfields as a unifying theory of various generalizations of matroids. In this paper we generalize the notion of minors and direct sums from ordinary matroids to matroids over hyperfields. Using this we generalize the classical construction of matroid-minor Hopf algebras to the case of matroids over hyperfields.
We show that a field extension $K\subseteq L$ in positive characteristic $p$ and elements $x_e\in L$ for $e\in E$ gives rise to a matroid $M^σ$ on ground set $E$ with coefficients in a certain skew hyperfield $L^σ$. This skew hyperfield $L^σ$ is defined in terms of $L$ and its Frobenius action $σ:x\mapsto x^p$. The matroid underlying $M^σ$ describes the algebraic dependencies over $K$ among the $x_e\in L$ , and $M^σ$ itself comprises, for each $m\in \mathbb{Z}^E$, the space of $K$-derivations of $K\left(x_e^{p^{m_e}}: e\in E\right)$. The theory of matroid representation over hyperfields was de…
In this paper, we give a cancellation-free antipode formula for the matroid-minor Hopf algebra. We then explore applications of this formula. For example, the cancellation-free formula expresses the antipode of uniform matroids as a sum over certain ordered set partitions. We also prove that all matroids over any hyperfield (in the sense of Baker and Bowler) have cancellation-free antipode formulas; furthermore, the cancellations in the antipode are independent of the hyperfield structure and only depend on the underlying matroid.
We present an algebraic framework which simultaneously generalizes the notion of linear subspaces, matroids, valuated matroids, and oriented matroids. We call the resulting objects matroids over hyperfields. In fact, there are (at least) two natural notions of matroid in this context, which we call weak and strong matroids. We give "cryptomorphic" axiom systems for such matroids in terms of circuits, Grassmann-Plucker functions, and dual pairs, and establish some basic duality theorems. We also show that if F is a doubly distributive hyperfield then the notions of weak and strong matroid over …
In a recent paper Baker and Bowler introduced matroids over hyperfields, offering a common generalization of matroids, oriented matroids, and linear subspaces of based vector spaces. This paper introduces the notion of a topological hyperfield and explores the generalization of Grassmannians and realization spaces to this context, particularly in relating the (hyper)fields R and C to hyperfields arising in matroid theory and in tropical geometry.
Matroids over tracts provide an algebraic framework simultaneously generalizing the notions of matroids, oriented matroids, and valuated matroids, presented by Baker and Bowler. Pendavingh partially extended this theory to skew hyperfields and presented a new axiom system in terms of quasi-Plücker coordinates. We present a theory of matroids over skew tracts, which generalizes both the theory of matroids over tracts and the theory of weak matroids over skew hyperfields developed by Pendavingh. We give several cryptomorphic axiom systems for such matroids in terms of circuits, quasi-Plücker coo…
We introduce a construction of oriented matroids from a triangulation of a product of two simplices. For this, we use the structure of such a triangulation in terms of polyhedral matching fields. The oriented matroid is composed of compatible chirotopes on the cells in a matroid subdivision of the hypersimplex, which might be of independent interest. In particular, we generalize this using the language of matroids over hyperfields, which gives a new approach to construct matroids over hyperfields. A recurring theme in our work is that various tropical constructions can be extended beyond tropi…
Lorentzian polynomials and matroids over triangular hyperfields 2: Analytic aspects
Georgia Institute of Technology（佐治亚理工学院）；Princeton University（普林斯顿大学）；Korea Institute for Advanced Study（韩国高等研究院）；Technische Universität Dresden（德累斯顿工业大学）；University of Groningen（格罗宁根大学）
We present an algebraic framework which simultaneously generalizes the notion of linear subspaces, matroids, valuated matroids, oriented matroids, and regular matroids. To do this, we first introduce algebraic objects called tracts which generalize both hyperfields in the sense of Krasner and partial fields in the sense of Semple and Whittle. We then define matroids over tracts; in fact, there are (at least) two natural notions of matroid in this general context, which we call weak and strong matroids. We give "cryptomorphic" axiom systems for such matroids in terms of circuits, Grassmann-Plüc…
Pastures are a class of field-like algebraic objects which include both partial fields hyperfields and have nice categorical properties. We prove several lift theorems for representations of matroids over pastures, including a generalization of Pendavingh and van Zwam's Lift Theorem for partial fields. By embedding the earlier theory into a more general framework, we are able to establish new results even in the case of lifts of partial fields, for example the conjecture of Pendavingh--van Zwam that their lift construction is idempotent. We give numerous applications to matroid representations…
We study the number of hamiltonian circuits, containing a fixed basis, and the number of hyperplanes, which do not contain a fixed basis in perfect matroid designs. Projective and affine finite geometries are considered as examples of such matroids. We give algorithms to find the hyperplanes and the hamiltonian circuits in such cases.
In 1977 Stanley proved that the $h$-vector of a matroid is an $\mathcal{O}$-sequence and conjectured that it is a pure $\mathcal{O}$-sequence. In the subsequent years the validity of this conjecture has been shown for a variety of classes of matroids, though the general case is still open. In this paper we use Las Vergnas' internal order to introduce a new class of matroids which we call internally perfect. We prove that these matroids satisfy Stanley's Conjecture and compare them to other classes of matroids for which the conjecture is known to hold. We also prove that, up to a certain restri…
A perfect matroid design (PMD) is a matroid whose flats of the same rank all have the same size. In this paper we introduce the q-analogue of a PMD and its properties. In order to do so, we first establish a new cryptomorphic definition for q-matroids. We show that q-Steiner systems are examples of q-PMD's and we use this q-matroid structure to construct subspace designs from q-Steiner systems. We apply this construction to the only known q-Steiner system, which has parameters S(2,3,13;2), and hence establish the existence of a new subspace design with parameters 2-(13,4,5115;2).
\emph{Proto-exact categories}, introduced by Dyckerhoff and Kapranov, are a generalization of Quillen exact categories which provide a framework for defining algebraic K-theory and Hall algebras in a \emph{non-additive} setting. This formalism is well-suited to the study of categories whose objects have strong combinatorial flavor. In this paper, we show that the categories of modules over semirings and hyperrings - algebraic structures which have gained prominence in tropical geometry - carry proto-exact structures. In the first part, we prove that the category of modules over a semiring is e…
