We provide some characterizations of precompact abelian groups $G$ whose dual group $G_p^\wedge$ endowed with the pointwise convergence topology on elements of $G$ contains a nontrivial convergent sequence. In the special case of precompact abelian \emph{torsion} groups $G$, we characterize the existence of a nontrivial convergent sequence in $G_p^\wedge$ by the following property of $G$: \emph{No infinite quotient group of $G$ is countable.} Finally, we present an example of a dense subgroup $G$ of the compact metrizable group $\mathbb{Z}(2)^ω$ such that $G$ is of the first category in itself, has measure zero, but the dual group $G_p^\wedge$ does not contain infinite compact subsets. This complements Theorem 1.6 in [J.E.~Hart and K.~Kunen, Limits in function spaces and compact groups, \textit{Topol. Appl.} \textbf{151} (2005), 157--168]. As a consequence, we obtain an example of a precompact reflexive abelian group which is of the first Baire category.
Let $\mathcal{I}\subseteq\mathcal{P}(ω)$ be a meager ideal. Then there are no continuous projections from $\ell_\infty$ onto the set of bounded sequences which are $\mathcal{I}$-convergent to $0$. In particular, it follows that the set of bounded sequences statistically convergent to $0$ is not isomorphic to $\ell_\infty$.
We show that the free locally convex space $L(\mathbf{s})$ over a convergent sequence $\mathbf{s}$ is not a Mackey space. Consequently $L(\mathbf{s})$ is not a Mackey group that answers negatively a question posed in [4].
Assume that $X$ is a regular space. We study topological properties of the family $S_c(X)$ of nontrivial convergent sequences in $X$ equipped with the Vietoris topology. We show that if $X$ has no isolated points, then $S_c(X)$ is a space of the first category which answers the question posed by S. Garcia-Ferreira and Y.F. Ortiz-Castillo.
We characterize the uniform convergence points set of a pointwisely convergent sequence of real-valued functions defined on a perfectly normal space. We prove that if $X$ is a perfectly normal space which can be covered by a disjoint sequence of dense subsets and $A\subseteq X$, then $A$ is the set of points of the uniform convergence for some convergent sequence $(f_n)_{n\inω}$ of functions $f_n:X\to \mathbb R$ if and only if $A$ is $G_δ$-set which contains all isolated points of $X$. This result generalizes a theorem of Ján Borsík published in 2019.
Under $\mathfrak{p} = \mathfrak{c}$, we answer Question 24 of \cite{dikranjan&shakhmatov3} for cardinality ${\mathfrak c}$ , by showing that if a non-torsion Abelian group of size continuum admits a countably compact Hausdorff group topology, then it admits a countably compact Hausdorff group topology with non-trivial convergent sequences.
We obtain a forcing construction that shows that it is consistent that the torsion-free Abelian group $\mathbb{Q}^{(λ)}$ admits a Hausdorff group topology which is also $\mathcal{U}$-compact and contains no non-trivial convergent sequences, where $λ$ is a cardinal whose cofinality is $ω$ and $\mathcal{U}$ is a selective ultrafilter. This answers a question posed in arXiv:1904.05928.
The following paper is inspired by Efimov's problem - an undecided problem of whether there exists an infinite compact topological space that does not contain neither non-trivial convergent sequences nor a copy of $βω$. After introducing basic topological concepts, we present several classes of topological spaces in which such sequences can certainly be found, namely ordered, scattered, metrisable spaces and Valdivia compacta. We show that some cardinal coefficients set limits on the smallest cardinality of the base and the smallest cardinality of a neighbourhood base, under which the existenc…
We force a classification of all the Abelian groups of cardinality at most $2^\mathfrak c$ that admit a countably compact group with a non-trivial convergent sequence. In particular, we answer (consistently) Question 24 of Dikranjan and Shakhmatov for cardinality at most $2^{\mathfrak c}$, by showing that if a non-torsion Abelian group of size at most $2^\mathfrak c$ admits a countably compact Hausdorff group topology, then it admits a countably compact Hausdorff group topology with non-trivial convergent sequences.
This paper is a continuation of the work done in \cite{sal-yas} and \cite{may-pat-rob}. We deal with the Vietoris hyperspace of all nontrivial convergent sequences $\mathcal{S}_c(X)$ of a space $X$. We answer some questions in \cite{sal-yas} and generalize several results in \cite{may-pat-rob}. We prove that: The connectedness of $X$ implies the connectedness of $\mathcal{S}_c(X)$; the local connectedness of $X$ is equivalent to the local connectedness of $\mathcal{S}_c(X)$; and the path-wise connectedness of $\mathcal{S}_c(X)$ implies the path-wise connectedness of $X$. We also show that the …
The symbol $\mathcal{S}(X)$ denotes the hyperspace of finite unions of convergent sequences in a Hausdorff space $X$. This hyperspace is endowed with the Vietoris topology. First of all, we give a characterization of convergent sequence in $\mathcal{S}(X)$. Then we consider some cardinal invariants on $\mathcal{S}(X)$, and compare the character, the pseudocharacter, the $sn$-character, the $so$-character, the network weight and $cs$-network weight of $\mathcal{S}(X)$ with the corresponding cardinal function of $X$. Moreover, we consider rank $k$-diagonal on $\mathcal{S}(X)$, and give a space $…
Let $\mathscr{X}$ be the set of positive real sequences $x=(x_n)$ such that the series $\sum_n x_n$ is divergent. For each $x \in \mathscr{X}$, let $\mathcal{I}_x$ be the collection of all $A\subseteq \mathbf{N}$ such that the subseries $\sum_{n \in A}x_n$ is convergent. Moreover, let $\mathscr{A}$ be the set of sequences $x \in \mathscr{X}$ such that $\lim_n x_n=0$ and $\mathcal{I}_x\neq \mathcal{I}_y$ for all sequences $y=(y_n) \in \mathscr{X}$ with $\liminf_n y_{n+1}/y_n>0$. We show that $\mathscr{A}$ is comeager and that contains uncountably many sequences $x$ which generate pairwise nonis…
We construct, in $\mathsf{ZFC}$, a countably compact subgroup of $2^{\mathfrak{c}}$ without non-trivial convergent sequences, answering an old problem of van Douwen. As a consequence we also prove the existence of two countably compact groups $\mathbb{G}_{0}$ and $\mathbb{G}_{1}$ such that the product $\mathbb{G}_{0} \times \mathbb{G}_{1}$ is not countably compact, thus answering a classical problem of Comfort.
The existence of a countably compact group without non-trivial convergent sequences in ZFC alone is a major open problem in topological group theory. We give a ZFC example of a Boolean topological group G without non-trivial convergent sequences having the following "selective" compactness property: For each free ultrafilter p on N and every sequence {U_n:n in N} of non-empty open subsets of G one can choose a point x_n in U_n for all n in such a way that the resulting sequence {x_n:n in N} has a p-limit in G, that is, {n in N: x_n in V} belongs to p for every neighbourhood V of x in G. In par…
In this paper, we shall study categorial properties of the hyperspace of all nontrivial convergent sequences $\mathcal{S}_c(X)$ of a Freéch-Urysohn space $X$, this hyperspace is equipped with the Vietoris topology. We mainly prove that $\mathcal{S}_c(X)$ is meager whenever $X$ is a crowded space, as a corollary we obtain that if $\mathcal{S}_c(X)$ is Baire, the $X$ has a dense subset of isolated points. As an interesting example $\mathcal{S}_c(ω_1)$ has the Baire property, where $ω_1$ carries the order topology (this answers a question from \cite{sal-yas}). We can give more examples like this …
(1) Every infinite, Abelian compact (Hausdorff) group K admits 2^|K|-many dense, non-Haar-measurable subgroups of cardinality |K|. When K is nonmetrizable, these may be chosen to be pseudocompact. (2) Every infinite Abelian group G admits a family A of 2^2^|G|-many pairwise nonhomeomorphic totally bounded group topologies such that no nontrivial sequence in G converges in any of the topologies T in A. (For some G one may arrange w(G,T) < 2^|G| for some T in A.) (3) Every infinite Abelian group $G$ admits a family B of 2^2^|G|-many pairwise nonhomeomorphic totally bounded group topologies, with…
A Hausdorff topological group G is minimal if every continuous isomorphism f : G --> H between G and a Hausdorff topological group H is open. Clearly, every compact Hausdorff group is minimal. It is well known that every infinite compact Hausdorff group contains a non-trivial convergent sequence. We extend this result to minimal abelian groups by proving that every infinite minimal abelian group contains a non-trivial convergent sequence. Furthermore, we show that "abelian" is essential and cannot be dropped. Indeed, for every uncountable regular cardinal kappa we construct a Hausdorff group t…
We show that if $κ\leq ω$ and there exists a group topology without non-trivial convergent sequences on an Abelian group $H$ such that $H^n$ is countably compact for each $n<κ$ then there exists a topological group $G$ such that $G^n$ is countably compact for each $n <κ$ and $G^κ$ is not countably compact. If in addition $H$ is torsion, then the result above holds for $κ=ω_1$. Combining with other results in the literature, we show that: $a)$ Assuming ${\mathfrak c}$ incomparable selective ultrafilters, for each $n \in ω$, there exists a group topology on the free Abelian group $G$ such that $…
A Hausdorff topological group $(G,τ)$ is called an $s$-group and $τ$ is called an $s$-topology if there is a set $S$ of sequences in $G$ such that $τ$ is the finest Hausdorff group topology on $G$ in which every sequence of $S$ converges to the unit. The class $\mathbf{S}$ of all $s$-groups contains all sequential Hausdorff groups and it is finitely multiplicative. A quotient group of an $s$-group is an $s$-group. For a non-discrete topological group $(G,τ)$ the following three assertions are equivalent: 1) $(G,τ)$ is an $s$-group, 2) $(G,τ)$ is a quotient group of a Graev free topological gro…
In this paper we study some basic properties of rough $I$-convergent double sequences in the line of D$\ddot{u}$ndar [8]. We also study the set of all rough $I$-limits of a double sequence and relation between boundedness and rough $I$-convergence of a double sequence.
We give a necessary combinatorial condition on a filter F to admit an injective F-convergent sequence in $βω$. We also show that no analytic filter F admits an injective F-convergent sequence in $βω$. This answers a question of T. Banakh, V. Mychaylyuk and L. Zdomskyy.
Let $X$ be a locally compact topological space, $(Y,d)$ be a boundedly compact metric space and $LB(X,Y)$ be the space of all locally bounded functions from $X$ to $Y$. We characterize compact sets in $LB(X,Y)$ equipped with the topology of uniform convergence on compacta. From our results we obtain the following interesting facts for $X$ compact: $\bullet$ If $(f_n)_n$ is a sequence of uniformly bounded finitely equicontinuous functions of Baire class $α$ from $X$ to $\Bbb R$, then there is a uniformly convergent subsequence $(f_{n_k})_k$; $\bullet$ If $(f_n)_n$ is a sequence of uniformly bou…
We prove that if $p$ is a selective ultrafilter then ${\mathbb Q}^{(κ)}$ has a $p$-compact group topology without non-trivial convergent sequences, for each infinite cardinal $κ=κ^ω$. In particular, this gives the first arbitrarily large examples of countably compact groups without non-trivial convergent sequences that are torsion-free.
Assuming the existence of $\mathfrak c$ incomparable selective ultrafilters, we classify the non-torsion Abelian groups of cardinality $\mathfrak c$ that admit a countably compact group topology. We show that for each $κ\in [\mathfrak c, 2^\mathfrak c]$ each of these groups has a countably compact group topology of weight $κ$ without non-trivial convergent sequences and another that has convergent sequences. Assuming the existence of $2^\mathfrak c$ selective ultrafilters, there are at least $2^\mathfrak c$ non homeomorphic such topologies in each case and we also show that every Abelian group…
In this paper we investigate hereditarily normal topological groups and their subspaces. We prove that every compact subspace of a hereditarily normal topological group is metrizable. To prove this statement we first show that a hereditarily normal topological group with a non-trivial convergent sequence has $G_δ$-diagonal. This implies, in particular, that every countably compact subset of a hereditarily normal topological group with a non-trivial convergent sequence is metrizable. Another corollary is that under the Proper Forcing Axiom, every countably compact subset of a hereditarily norma…
Given an ideal $\mathcal{I}$ on $ω$, we prove that a sequence in a topological space $X$ is $\mathcal{I}$-convergent if and only if there exists a ``big'' $\mathcal{I}$-convergent subsequence. Then, we study several properties and show two characterizations of the set of $\mathcal{I}$-cluster points as classical cluster points of a filters on $X$ and as the smallest closed set containing ``almost all'' the sequence. As a consequence, we obtain that the underlying topology $τ$ coincides with the topology generated by the pair $(τ,\mathcal{I})$.
