对旋转目标的影响：合成家族的angular momentum引流和有效形成
Impacts into rotating targets: angular momentum draining and efficient formation of synthetic families
摘要：
大约10%的小行星的自转周期低于P = 3 h，它们似乎相对接近自旋势垒。然而，在小行星碰撞的模拟中，旋转经常被忽略。为了确定旋转的影响，我们进行了大量的SPH/N体与旋转目标的碰撞模拟。我们开发了一个新的统一SPH/N体程序，适用于模拟碎裂相和重力再积累。该代码已验证对以前的（奔驰和Asphaug 1994年），但我们也测试了新的功能，如旋转稳定性，拉伸稳定性，等使用新的代码，我们运行模拟D_pb = 10公里和100公里的单片目标和比较合成小行星家庭创建这些影响与家庭相应的非旋转目标。旋转主要影响斜撞击角度的撞击坑事件。对于旋转的目标来说，这些碰撞喷射出的总质量可以高达五倍。我们进一步计算角动量的转移，并确定条件下的影响加速或减速的目标。虽然单个撞击坑的碰撞既可导致加速，也可导致减速，但平均而言，减速占主导地位，因此，碰撞会导致小行星群的系统性自旋下降。
英文摘要：
About 10% of the observed asteroids have rotational periods lower than P = 3 h and they seem to be relatively close to the spin barrier. Yet, the rotation has often been neglected in simulations of asteroid collisions. To determine the effect of rotation, we perform a large number of SPH/N-body impact simulations with rotating targets. We developed a new unified SPH/N-body code with self-gravity, suitable for simulations of both fragmentation phase and gravitational reaccumulation. The code has been verified against previous ones (Benz and Asphaug 1994), but we also tested new features, e.g. rotational stability, tensile stability, etc. Using the new code, we ran simulations with D_pb = 10 km and 100 km monolithic targets and compared synthetic asteroid families created by these impacts with families corresponding to non-rotating targets. The rotation affects mostly cratering events at oblique impact angles. The total mass ejected by these collision can be up to five times larger for rotating targets. We further compute the transfer of the angular momentum and determine conditions under which impacts accelerate or decelerate the target. While individual cratering collisions can cause both acceleration and deceleration, the deceleration prevails on average, collisions thus cause a systematic spin-down of asteroid population.
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