用于恒星强度干涉测量的VERITAS望远镜的增强
Augmentation of VERITAS Telescopes for Stellar Intensity Interferometry
摘要：
2018-2019年，VERITAS VHE伽马射线天文台增加了高速光学仪器和连续数据记录电子设备，以创建一个灵敏的恒星强度干涉测量（SII）天文台VERITAS-SII。VERITAS-SII的主要科学目标是对选定的明亮（m< 6）、炽热（O/B/A）恒星进行可见波段的恒星直径测量和图像分析。VERITAS协作组织已同意在VERITAS不进行甚高能量辐射伽马射线观测的满月前后的几天部署和运行VERITAS-SII。VERITAS-SII增强采用定制的高速/低噪声焦平面仪器，使用高量子效率光电倍增管和电池供电的光纤控制高压电源。为了减少工程时间，VERITAS-SII使用商业上可获得的高速（250 MS/sec）连续流电子设备来记录每个VERITAS望远镜的强度波动的时间依赖性。VERITAS-SII还使用市售的基于白兔的定时解决方案，在望远镜间距离（大于100米）上使用快速（< 100皮秒）数据采集时钟同步。VERITAS-SII现在在美国亚利桑那州阿马多的VERITAS天文台F.L.Whipple天文台全面运行。本文介绍了用于VERITAS-SII增强VERITAS天文台的仪器硬件的设计，最初的VERITAS-SII观测的状态，以及未来改进VERITAS-SII的计划。
英文摘要：
In 2018-2019 the VERITAS VHE gamma-ray observatory was augmented with highspeed optical instrumentation and continuous data recording electronics to create a sensitive Stellar Intensity Interferometry (SII) observatory, VERITAS-SII. The primary science goal of VERITAS-SII is to perform stellar diameter measurements and image analysis in the visible wavebands on a selection of bright (m< 6), hot (O/B/A) stars. The VERITAS Collaboration has agreed to the deployment and operation of VERITAS-SII during several days each month around the full moon period when VERITAS does not perform VHE gamma-ray observations. The VERITAS-SII augmentation employs custom high-speed/low-noise focal plane instrumentation using high quantum efficiency photomultiplier tubes, and a battery-powered, fiber-optic controlled High Voltage supply. To reduce engineering time, VERITAS-SII uses commercially available high-speed (250 MS/sec), continuously streaming electronics to record the time dependence of the intensity fluctuations at each VERITAS telescope. VERITAS-SII also uses fast ( < 100 psec) data acquisition clock synchronization over inter-telescope distances (greater than 100 m) using a commercially available White Rabbit based timing solution. VERITAS-SII is now in full operation at the VERITAS observatory, F.L.Whipple Observatory, Amado, AZ USA. This paper describes the design of the instrumentation hardware used for VERITAS-SII augmentation of the VERITAS observatory, the status of initial VERITAS-SII observations, and plans for future improvements to VERITAS-SII.
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