A. Cabrera, A. Abusleme, J. dos Anjos, T. J. C. Bezerra, M. Bongrand, C. Bourgeois, D. Breton, C. Buck, J. Busto, E. Calvo, E. Chauveau, M. Chen, P. Chimenti, F… 展开作者
A. Cabrera, A. Abusleme, J. dos Anjos, T. J. C. Bezerra, M. Bongrand, C. Bourgeois, D. Breton, C. Buck, J. Busto, E. Calvo, E. Chauveau, M. Chen, P. Chimenti, F. Dal Corso, G. De Conto, S. Dusini, G. Fiorentini, C. Frigerio Martins, A. Givaudan, P. Govoni, B. Gramlich, M. Grassi, Y. Han, J. Hartnell, C. Hugon, S. Jiménez, H. de Kerret, A. Le Nevé, P. Loaiza, J. Maalmi, F. Mantovani, L. Manzanillas, C. Marquet, J. Martino, D. Navas-Nicolás, H. Nunokawa, M. Obolensky, J. P. Ochoa-Ricoux, G. Ortona, C. Palomares, F. Pessina, A. Pin, J. C. C. Porter, M. S. Pravikoff, M. Roche, B. Roskovec, N. Roy, C. Santos, S. Schoppmann, A. Serafini, L. Simard, M. Sisti, L. Stanco, V. Strati, J. -S. Stutzmann, F. Suekane, A. Verdugo, B. Viaud, C. Volpe, C. Vrignon, S. Wagner, F. Yermia
In 1956 Reines & Cowan discovered the neutrino using a liquid scintillator detector. The neutrinos interacted with the scintillator, producing light that propagated across transparent volumes to surrounding photo-sensors. This approach has remained one of the most widespread and successful neutrino detection technologies used since. This article introduces a concept that breaks with the conventional paradigm of transparency by confining and collecting light near its creation point with an opaque scintillator and a dense array of optical fibres. This technique, called LiquidO, can provide high-resolution imaging to enable efficient identification of individual particles event-by-event. A natural affinity for adding dopants at high concentrations is provided by the use of an opaque medium. With these and other capabilities, the potential of our detector concept to unlock opportunities in neutrino physics is presented here, alongside the results of the first experimental validation.
Opaque detectors are a recently proposed novel detector concept where an opaque scintillator aligned with wavelength-shifting fibers is used to enable the discrimination of electron neutrinos and antineutrinos with a rather low energy threshold. In this work, we investigate the potential effects of the enhanced detection capabilities of the opaque detectors in accelerator neutrino experiments. Focusing on the energy threshold, energy resolution, detection efficiency and background suppression in the analysis of electron-like events, we determine whether using opaque detectors could lead to imp…
There is rising interest in organic scintillators with low scattering length for future neutrino detectors. Therefore, a new scintillator system was developed based on admixtures of paraffin wax in linear alkyl benzene. The transparency and viscosity of this gel-like material can be tuned by temperature adjustment. Whereas it is a colorless transparent liquid at temperatures around 40C it has a milky wax structure below 20C. The production and properties of such a scintillator as well as its advantages compared to transparent liquids are described.
Opaque scintillators are designed to have a short scattering length such that scintillation photons are probabilistically confined to a small region of space about their origin. The benefit of this feature is that information on the interaction event topology can be recorded with greater fidelity than in traditional highly transparent media with sensors at large distances from the light production region. Opaque scintillator detectors rely on wavelength-shifting fibers to extract the scintillation light; however, the efficiency of light collection has not yet been directly measured in experime…
The ESS Neutrino Super-Beam (ESSnuSB) is a proposed long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment, performed with a high-intensity neutrino beam, to be developed as an extension to the European Spallation Source proton linac currently under construction in Lund, Sweden. The neutrinos would be detected with the near and far detectors of the experiment, the former within several hundred meters of the neutrino production point and the latter within several hundred kilometers. The far detector will consist of a megaton-scale water-Cherenkov detector, and the near detector will consist of a kiloton…
Detection of supernova relic neutrinos could provide key support for our current understanding of stellar and cosmological evolution, and precise measurements of these neutrinos could yield novel insights into the universe. In this paper, we studied the detection potential of supernova relic neutrinos using linear alkyl benzene (LAB) as a slow liquid scintillator. The linear alkyl benzene features good separation of Cherenkov and scintillation lights, thereby providing a new route for particle identification. We further addressed key issues in current experiments, including (1) the charged cur…
NOvA is a long-baseline accelerator-based neutrino oscillation experiment that is optimized for electron-neutrino appearance measurements. It uses the upgraded NuMI beam from Fermilab and consists of a Far Detector in Ash River, Minnesota and a Near Detector at Fermilab. An accurate prediction of the neutrino flux is key to both oscillation and cross-section measurements. The precisely known neutrino-electron elastic scattering cross section provides an in situ constraint on the absolute flux. This talk discusses the status of the measurement of the rate of neutrino-electron elastic scattering…
The motivation for a cosmic muon veto (CMV) detector is to explore the possibility of locating the proposed large Iron Calorimeter (ICAL) detector at the India based Neutrino Observatory (INO) at a shallow depth. An initial effort in that direction, through the assembly and testing of a $\sim$ 1 m $\times$ 1 m $\times$ 0.3 m plastic scintillator based detector, is described. The plan for making a CMV detector for a smaller prototype mini-ICAL is also outlined.
A brief overview of the development of neutrino detectors for long-baseline oscillation experiments at accelerators and reactors is presented. Basic principles and main features of detectors of running accelerator experiments T2K and NOvA sensitive to a first level of CP violation and neutrino mass hierarchy, and reactor experiments Daya Bay, RENO and Double Chooz which measured the mixing angle θ_13 are discussed. A variety of different experimental techniques is proposed and developed for the next generation oscillation experiments: a 20 kt scintillator detector for the reactor experiment JU…
We present a measurement of the electron neutrino charged-current inclusive cross section per nucleon with a data sample corresponding to 2.6E20 protons-on-target collected by NOvA near detector at Fermilab.
The Accelerator Neutrino Neutron Interaction Experiment (ANNIE) is designed to serve as a test bed for new detector technologies in future water and liquid scintillator based neutrino experiments. Located on the Booster Neutrino Beam at Fermilab, ANNIE will be the first gadolinium-loaded water Cherenkov detector on a neutrino beam and will provide high statistics measurements of neutron yields from neutrino interactions in water. It is also the first particle physics application of the new photosensor technology: Large Area Picosecond Photodetectors (LAPPDs). With single photon time resolution…
The Icarus T600 detector represents the first example of a fully working large-mass LAr detector. After operations at the LNGS INFN laboratories, it has been refurbished at CERN in 2015-2017 and then installed as far detector on the BNB neutrino beamline at FNAL. The main operations involved in the T600 overhauling are thouroghly described in this paper.
The Tokai Intermediate Tank with Unoscillated Spectrum (TITUS) detector is a proposed addition to the Hyper-Kamiokande (HK) experiment located approximately 2 km from the J-PARC neutrino beam. The design consists of a 2 kton Gadolinium (Gd) doped water Cherenkov detector, surrounded by a magnetized iron detector designed to range-out muons. The target material and location are chosen so that the neutrino interactions and beam spectrum at TITUS will match those of HK. Including a 0.1% Gd concentration allows for neutrino/antineutrino discrimination via neutron tagging. The primary goal of TITUS…
We discuss here future neutrino detectors with physics goals ranging from the eV to the EeV scale. The focus is on future enabling technologies for such detectors, rather than existing detectors or those under construction. The report includes methodologies across the broad spectrum of neutrino physics: liquid noble and other cryogenic detectors, includin LAr and LXe TPCs; photon-based detectors including technologies enabling hybrid Cherenkov/scintillation detectors; low-threshold detectors which use a wide variety of technologies to probe physics like coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering or …
The JUNO neutrino detector system is simulated using Monte-Carlo and analytical methods. A large number of proton decay events are also simulated. Preliminary results from this endeavor are presented in the present article.
Scintillation light is used in liquid argon (LAr) neutrino detectors to provide a trigger signal, veto information against cosmic rays, and absolute event timing. In this work, we discuss additional opportunities offered by detectors with enhanced sensitivity to scintillation light, that is with light collection efficiencies of about $10^{-3}$. We focus on two key detector performance indicators for neutrino oscillation physics: calorimetric neutrino energy reconstruction and neutrino/antineutrino separation in a non-magnetized detector. Our results are based on detailed simulations, with neut…
KM3NeT is a research infrastructure housing the next generation neutrino detectors in the depths of the Mediterranean Sea. The ARCA detector, which is currently under construction, is optimized for searches for neutrinos from astrophysical sources as well as measurements of the diffuse astrophysical flux. The unambiguous detection of neutrinos of extraterrestrial origin by IceCube has led to the first measurement of a high energy astrophysical neutrino flux. The properties of sea water allow for a measurement of the neutrino direction with an excellent angular resolution for both track and cas…
We report the neutrino mass hierarchy (MH) sensitivity of medium baseline reactor neutrino experiments with multiple detectors. Sensitivity of determining the MH can be significantly improved by adding a near detector and combining both the near and far detectors. The size of the sensitivity improvement is related to accuracy of the individual mass-splitting measurements and requires strict control on the relative energy scale uncertainty of the near and far detectors. We study the impact of both baseline and target mass of the near detector on the combined sensitivity. A figure-of-merit is de…
A first measurement of neutrinos from the CNO fusion cycle in the Sun would allow a resolution to the current solar metallicity problem. Detection of these low-energy neutrinos requires a low-threshold detector, while discrimination from radioactive backgrounds in the region of interest is significantly enhanced via directional sensitivity. This combination can be achieved in a water-based liquid scintillator target, which offers enhanced energy resolution beyond a standard water Cherenkov detector. We study the sensitivity of such a detector to CNO neutrinos under various detector and backgro…
The research of geoneutrino is a new interdisciplinary subject of particle experiments and geo-science. Potassium-40 ($^\text{40}$K) decays contribute roughly 1/3 of the radiogenic heat of the Earth, but it is still missing from the experimental observation. Solar neutrino experiments with liquid scintillators have observed uranium and thorium geoneutrinos and are the most promising in the low-background neutrino detection. In this article, we present the new concept of using liquid-scintillator Cherenkov detectors to detect the neutrino-electron elastic scattering process of $^\text{40}$K geo…
Energy, vertex, and time response of a LiquidO detector with an opaque-scintillator target to Compton-tagged electrons
University of California, Berkeley（加州大学伯克利分校）；Pennsylvania State University（宾夕法尼亚州立大学）；Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz（美因茨约翰内斯古腾堡大学）；United States Military Academy（美国军事学院（西点军校））；Universidad de Zaragoza（萨拉戈萨大学）；University of Sussex（萨塞克斯大学）；Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa（里斯本大学高等技术学院）；Nantes Université（南特大学）
The detection of collider neutrinos will provide new insights about neutrino production, propagation, and interactions at TeV energies, the highest human-made energies ever observed. During Run 3 of the LHC, the FASER experiment is expected to detect roughly $10^4$ collider neutrinos using its emulsion-based neutrino detector FASER$ν$. In this study, we show that, even without processing the emulsion data, low-level input provided by the electronic detector components of FASER and FASER$ν$ will be able to establish a $5σ$ discovery of collider neutrinos with as little as $5~\text{fb}^{-1}$ of …
Neutrinos produced in the Sun by electron capture reactions on $^{13}{\rm N}$, $^{15}{\rm O}$ and $^{17}{\rm F}$, to which we refer as ecCNO neutrinos, are not usually considered in solar neutrino analysis since the expected fluxes are extremely low. The experimental determination of this sub-dominant component of the solar neutrino flux is very difficult but could be rewarding since it provides a determination of the metallic content of the solar core and, moreover, probes the solar neutrino survival probability in the transition region at $E_ν\sim 2.5\,{\rm MeV}$. In this letter, we suggest …
The Search for Hidden Particles (SHiP) experiment proposal at CERN demands a dedicated dipole magnet for its scattering and neutrino detector. This requires a very large volume to be uniformly magnetized at B > 1.2 T, with constraints regarding the inner instrumented volume as well as the external region, where no massive structures are allowed and only an extremely low stray field is admitted. In this paper we report the main technical challenges and the relevant design options providing a comprehensive design for the magnet of the SHiP Scattering and Neutrino Detector.
In order to carry out research in the field of possible existence of sterile neutrino the laboratory based on SM-3 reactor (Dimitrovgrad, Russia) was created to search for oscillations of reactor antineutrino. The prototype of a multi-section neutrino detector with liquid scintillator volume of 350 l was installed in the middle of 2015. It is a moveable inside the passive shielding detector, which can be set at distance range from 6 to 11 meters from the reactor core. Measurements of antineutrino flux at such small distances from the reactor core carried out with movable detector for the first…
The existence of the coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering reaction requires to evaluate, for any detector devoted to WIMP searches, the irreducible background due to conventional neutrino sources and at same time, it gives a unique chance to reveal supernova neutrinos. We report here a detailed study concerning a new directional detector, based on the nuclear emulsion technology. A Likelihood Ratio test shows that, in the first years of operations and with a detector mass of several tens of tons, the observation of the supernova signal can be achieved. The determination of the distance of the …
Neutrinoless double beta-decay(DBD) is of current interest in high-sensitivity frontiers of particle physics. The decay is very sensitive to Majorana neutrinos masses, neutrino CP phases, right-handed weak interactions and others, which are beyond the standard electro-weal model. DBDs are actually ultra-rare events, and thus DBD experiments with ultra-high sensitivity are required. Critical discussions are presented on nuclear and detector sensitivities for high-sensitivity DBD experiments to study the neutrino masses in the normal and inverted hierarchies.
Recent years have witnessed many exciting breakthroughs in neutrino physics. The detection of neutrino oscillations has proved that neutrinos are massive particles but the assessment of their absolute mass scale is still an outstanding challenge in today particle physics and cosmology. Since low temperature detectors were first proposed for neutrino physics experiments in 1984, there have been tremendous technical progresses: today this technique offers the high energy resolution and scalability required to perform competitive experiments challenging the lowest electron neutrino masses. This p…
Observing a high-statistics neutrino signal from the supernova explosions in the Galaxy is a major goal of low-energy neutrino astronomy. The prospects for detecting all flavors of neutrinos and antineutrinos from the core-collapse supernova (ccSN) in operating and forthcoming large liquid scintillation detectors (LLSD) are widely discussed now. One of proposed LLSD is Baksan Large Volume Scintillation Detector (BLVSD). This detector will be installed at the Baksan Neutrino Observatory (BNO) of the Institute for Nuclear Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, at a depth of 4800 m.w.e. Low-energ…
Neutrino-nucleus reactions cross sections, obtained for neutrino energies in the range $\varepsilon_ν\leq 100-120$ MeV (low- and intermediate-energy range), which refer to promising neutrino detection targets of current terrestrial neutrino experiments, are presented and discussed. At first, we evaluated original cross sections for elastic scattering of neutrinos produced from various astrophysical and laboratory neutrino sources with the most abundant Cd isotopes $^{112}$Cd, $^{114}$Cd and $^{116}$Cd. These isotopes constitute the main material of the COBRA detector aiming to search for neutr…
