合并超流环中Josephson涡的非线性动力学
Nonlinear dynamics of Josephson vortices in merging superfluid rings
摘要：
研究了三维势阱中两个具有不同涡度的平行环形玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体的合并问题。在隧道耦合制度，约瑟夫森涡（旋转磁通）出现在之间的障碍的超流。当障碍逐渐消除，我们观察到基本上是三维的量子涡旋的演化，其中可能包括发展的开尔文-亥姆霍兹不稳定性在环之间的接口，在一个弱耗散的Gross-Pitaevskii方程的框架。一个最初人口较多的环，携带着持续的电流，可以把一个最初不旋转的人口较少的环拖入同一个漩涡状态。凝聚体的最终状态主要取决于双环集合中的初始粒子数不平衡，以及三维俘获势的形状，扁长或扁长。在扁长（轴向伸长）的配置，强大的3D混合结构可能会出现作为合并的结果，对应于不同的涡旋的持续电流。
英文摘要：
We consider merger of two parallel toroidal atomic Bose-Einstein condensates with different vorticities in a three-dimensional (3D) trap. In the tunnel-coupling regime, Josephson vortices (rotational fluxons) emerge in the barrier between the superflows. When the barrier is gradually eliminated, we observe essentially three-dimensional evolution of quantum vortices, which may include the development of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability at the interface between the rings, in the framework of a weakly dissipative Gross-Pitaevskii equation. An initially more populated ring, carrying a persistent current, can drag an initially non-rotating less populated one into the same vortex state. The final state of the condensate crucially depends on an initial population imbalance in the double-ring set, as well as on the shape of the 3D trapping potential, oblate or prolate. In the prolate (axially elongated) configuration, robust 3D hybrid structures may appear as a result of the merger of persistent currents corresponding to different vorticities.
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