In many applications, maintaining a consistent map of the environment is key to enabling robotic platforms to perform higher-level decision making. Detection of already visited locations is one of the primary ways in which map consistency is maintained, especially in situations where external positioning systems are unavailable or unreliable. Mapping in 2D is an important field in robotics, largely due to the fact that man-made environments such as warehouses and homes, where robots are expected to play an increasing role, can often be approximated as planar. Place recognition in this context remains challenging: 2D lidar scans contain scant information with which to characterize, and therefore recognize, a location. This paper introduces a novel approach aimed at addressing this problem. At its core, the system relies on the use of the distance function for representation of geometry. This representation allows extraction of features which describe the geometry of both surfaces and free-space in the environment. We propose a feature for this purpose. Through evaluations on public datasets, we demonstrate the utility of free-space in the description of places, and show an increase in localization performance over a state-of-the-art descriptor extracted from surface geometry.
同时定位与地图构建(Simultaneous Localization And Mapping,SLAM)是一种基于光探测与测距(Light Detection And Ranging,LiDAR)和摄像机等传感器的观测来估计机器人位置并重建环境的任务。它广泛应用于自动驾驶和无人机交付等机器人应用。传统的基于LiDAR的SLAM算法主要利用场景的几何特征,而忽略了LiDAR的亮度信息。最近的一些基于深度学习的SLAM算法考虑强度特征并以端到端的方式训练姿态估计网络。然而,它们需要大量的数据汇集工作,并且它们对除受过训练的环境之外的环境的普遍性仍然不清楚。在本文中,我们引入强度功能的SLAM系统。我们提出了一个新的完整的SLAM框架,利用几何和强度功能。所提出的SLAM涉及基于强度的前端里程估计和基于强度的后端优化。进行了全面的实验,包括室外自动驾驶和室内仓库机器人操作。实验结果表明,该方法优于现有的仅几何LiDAR SLAM方法。
A review on cloud robotics based frameworks to solve simultaneous localization and mapping (slam) problem
National Institute of Technology, Raipur(印度国立理工学院赖布尔分校);Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad(莫蒂拉尔·尼赫鲁国立理工学院阿拉哈巴德分校);Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad(印度信息技术学院阿拉哈巴德分校)
Coordinate-Consistent Localization via Continuous-Time Calibration and Fusion of UWB and SLAM Observations
Faculty of Electrical;Electronic Engineering Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, VNU-HCM Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam;School of Electrical;Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore;Electronic Engineering Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, VNU-HCM Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam (Corresponding author)
Range-SLAM: Ultra-Wideband-Based Smoke-Resistant Real-Time Localization and Mapping
Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University(清华大学深圳国际研究生院);Pengcheng Lab(鹏城实验室);RISC-V International Open Source Laboratory(RISC-V国际开源实验室)
Past, Present, and Future of Simultaneous Localization And Mapping: Towards the Robust-Perception Age
ETH Zürich(苏黎世联邦理工学院);Massachusetts Institute of Technology(麻省理工学院);Universidad Sergio Arboleda(塞尔吉奥·阿博莱达大学);Pontificia Universidad Javeriana(哈维里亚那天主教大学);University of Adelaide(阿德莱德大学);Australian Center for Robotic Vision(澳大利亚机器人视觉中心)
Doppler-SLAM: Doppler-Aided Radar-Inertial and LiDAR-Inertial Simultaneous Localization and Mapping
Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg(乌尔姆-马克斯-普朗克大学);Zentrum für Telematik e.V.(电信研究中心);Nuremberg Institute of Technology Georg Simon Ohm(纽伦堡技术学院 Georg Simon Ohm);CARIAD SE(CARIAD SE公司);University of Bonn(波恩大学);Center for Robotics(机器人中心);Lamarr Institute for Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence(Lamarr机器学习与人工智能研究所)
Towards Autonomous Indoor Parking: A Globally Consistent Semantic SLAM System and A Semantic Localization Subsystem
School of Automation and Intelligent Sensing, Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing, Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai(自动化与智能感知学院、系统控制与信息处理重点实验室、中华人民共和国教育部、上海交通大学、上海)
GPGM-SLAM: a Robust SLAM System for Unstructured Planetary Environments with Gaussian Process Gradient Maps
Institute of Robotics and Mechatronics(机器人与机电一体化研究所);German Aerospace Center (DLR)(德国航空航天中心(DLR));Centre for Autonomous Systems(自主系统中心);University of Technology Sydney(悉尼科技大学)
同时定位与地图构建(SLAM)技术由于能够校正定位误差并随时间产生一致的环境地图而对移动机器人的长期自主性起着关键作用。与城市或人造环境相似,其中独特的物体和结构的存在为定位提供了独特的线索,非结构化自然环境的外观通常是模糊的和自相似的,阻碍了环路闭合检测的性能。在本文中,我们提出了一种方法,以提高鲁棒性的地方识别的背景下,基于子地图的立体SLAM高斯过程梯度地图(GPGMaps)。GPGMaps通过高斯过程回归和结构化核插值嵌入了局部地形高程梯度的连续表示,仅考虑噪声高程测量。我们利用GPGMaps的类似图像的结构,使用传统的视觉特征和Bag of Words来检测循环闭合。GPGMap匹配作为SE(2)对齐来执行,以在姿态图内建立循环闭合约束。我们评估了拟议的管道上记录的各种数据集山。埃特纳火山,西西里岛和摩洛哥沙漠,分别月球和火星般的环境中,我们比较的本地化性能与国家的最先进的方法,视觉SLAM和视觉环路闭合检测。
Increasing SLAM Pose Accuracy by Ground-to-Satellite Image Registration
Robotics Institute, University of Technology Sydney(悉尼科技大学机器人研究所);ShanghaiTech University(上海科技大学);College of Engineering and Computer Science, Australian National University(澳大利亚国立大学工程与计算机科学学院);Data61, CSIRO(联邦科学与工业研究组织Data61);Ford Motor Company(福特汽车公司)
Robust Photogeometric Localization over Time for Map-Centric Loop Closure
Robotics and Autonomous Systems Group, DATA61, CSIRO(数据61公司机器人与自主系统小组,澳大利亚联邦科学与工业研究组织(CSIRO));School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT)(昆士兰科技大学(QUT)电气工程与计算机科学学院);Division of Smart Automotive Engineering, Sun Moon University(日月大学智能汽车工程系);Autonomous Systems Lab, ETH Zurich(苏黎世联邦理工学院自主系统实验室)
MDF: Multi-Modal Data Fusion with CNN-Based Object Detection for Enhanced Indoor Localization Using LiDAR-SLAM
Department of Artificial Intelligence Convergence, Pukyong National University(人工智能融合系,浦项国立大学);School of Computer Science, University of Nottingham Ningbo China(计算机科学学院,诺丁汉国际大学)
Multicam-SLAM: Non-overlapping Multi-camera SLAM for Indirect Visual Localization and Navigation
School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University(上海交通大学电子信息与电气工程学院);School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology(华东理工大学机械与动力工程学院)
NANO-SLAM : Natural Gradient Gaussian Approximation for Vehicle SLAM
School of Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University(车辆与移动性学院,清华大学);Department of Advanced Manufacturing and Robotics, College of Engineering, Peking University(先进制造与机器人系,工程学院,北京大学);School of Vehicle and Mobility and College of Artificial Intelligence, Tsinghua University(车辆与移动性学院和人工智能学院,清华大学)
针对车辆SLAM中现有RBPF方法因线性化引入近似误差的问题,提出NANO-SLAM,通过自然梯度下降求解高斯参数优化问题来优化采样分布,在Sydney Victoria Park数据集上定位精度提升超50%且计算成本极低。
Observability Analysis of Graph SLAM-Based Joint Calibration of Multiple Microphone Arrays and Sound Source Localization
Southern University of Science and Technology(南方科技大学);China Agricultural University(中国农业大学);Tokyo Institute of Technology(东京工业大学);The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen(香港中文大学(深圳));University of Technology Sydney(悉尼科技大学);City University of Hong Kong(香港城市大学)
多麦克风阵列在机器人听觉中有着广泛的应用,包括声源定位、音频场景感知和分析等。然而,由于存在许多未知参数,包括麦克风阵列之间的欧拉角、几何形状、异步因素等,多麦克风阵列的精确校准仍然是一个挑战。研究了基于图同时定位与地图构建(SLAM)的多麦克风阵列联合校准和声源定位问题。通过使用Fisher信息矩阵(Fisher information matrix)的方法,我们专注于上述校准问题的图SLAM框架的可观测性分析。我们彻底调查的未知参数,包括欧拉角,几何形状,麦克风阵列之间的异步效应,声源位置的可识别性。我们建立的必要/充分条件下,在该条件下,矩阵和雅可比矩阵具有满列秩,这意味着未知参数的可识别性。这些条件与声源的运动变化和麦克风阵列的配置密切相关,并且具有直观和物理的解释。我们还发现了几种情况下,未知参数是不唯一可识别的。所有的理论研究结果表明,使用模拟数据。
Collaborative Radio SLAM for Multiple Robots based on WiFi Fingerprint Similarity
Singapore University of Technology and Design(新加坡科技设计大学);Southwest University of Science and Technology(西南科技大学);Nanyang Technological University(南洋理工大学)