We extend a result of Ledrappier, Hochman, and Solomyak on exact dimensionality of stationary measures for $\text{SL}_2(\mathbb{R})$ to disintegrations of stationary measures for $\text{GL}(\mathbb{R}^d)$ onto the one dimensional foliations of the space of flags obtained by forgetting a single subspace.
The dimensions of these conditional measures are expressed in terms of the gap between consecutive Lyapunov exponents, and a certain entropy associated to the group action on the one dimensional foliation they are defined on. It is shown that the entropies thus defined are also related to simplicity of the Lyapunov spectrum for the given measure on $\text{GL}(\mathbb{R}^d)$.
In this paper we mainly address the problem of disintegration of Lebesgue measure and measure of maximal entropy along the central foliation of (conservative) Derived from Anosov (DA) diffeomorphisms. We prove that for accessible DA diffeomorphisms of $\mathbb{T}^3$, atomic disintegration has the peculiarity of being mono-atomic (one atom per leaf). We further provide open and non-empty condition for the existence of atomic disintegration. Finally, we prove some new relations between Lyapunov exponents of DA diffeomorphisms and their linearization.
In this survey we recall basic notions of disintegration of measures and entropy along unstable laminations. We review some roles of unstable entropy in smooth ergodic theory including the so-called invariance principle, Margulis construction of measures of maximal entropy, physical measures and rigidity. We also give some new examples and pose some open questions.
We consider stationary ergodic processes indexed by $\mathbb Z$ or $\mathbb Z^n$ whose finite dimensional marginals have laws which are absolutely continuous with respect to Lebesgue measure. We define an entropy theory for these continuous processes, prove an analog of the Shannon Breiman Mac Millan theorem and study more precisely the particular example of Gaussian processes.
For control systems in discrete time, this paper discusses measure-theoretic invariance entropy for a subset Q of the state space with respect to a quasi-stationary measure obtained by endowing the control range with a probability measure. The main results show that this entropy is invariant under measurable transformations and that it is already determined by certain subsets of Q which are characterized by controllability properties.
Many years ago B.S. Pitskel observed that the metric entropy of the shift transformation in the sample space of a stationary random process $X=\{X_n,\,n\in \mathbb Z\}$ with a countable number of states is equal to the conditional entropy $H(X_0|X_{-1},X_{-2},\dots)$ if $X$ is a stationary Markov chain (in which case the above conditional entropy is $H(X_0|X_{-1}))$, whether the entropy $H(X_0)$ is finite or not, while in general the statement is not true. In this note we present a class of processes for which Pitskel's observation holds, despite the fact that no of these processes is a Markov…
This paper is a sequel to Chaika and Krishnan [arXiv:1612.00434]. We again consider translation invariant measures on families of nearest-neighbor semi-infinite walks on the integer lattice Z^d. We assume that once walks meet, they coalesce. We consider various entropic properties of these systems. We show that in systems with completely positive entropy, bi-infinite trajectories must carry entropy. In the case of directed walks in dimension 2 we show that positive entropy guarantees that all trajectories cannot be bi-infinite. To show that our theorems are proper, we construct a stationary di…
Associated to a IFS one can consider a continuous map $\hatσ : [0,1]\times Σ\to [0,1]\times Σ$, defined by $\hatσ(x,w)=(τ_{X_{1}(w)}(x), σ(w))$ were $Σ=\{0,1, ..., d-1\}^{\mathbb{N}}$, $σ: Σ\to Σ$ is given by$σ(w_{1},w_{2},w_{3},...)=(w_{2},w_{3},w_{4}...)$ and $X_{k} : Σ\to \{0,1, ..., n-1\}$ is the projection on the coordinate $k$. A $ρ$-weighted system, $ρ\geq 0$, is a weighted system $([0,1], τ_{i}, u_{i})$ such that there exists a positive bounded function $h : [0,1] \to \mathbb{R}$ and probability $ν$ on $[0,1]$ satisfying $ P_{u}(h)=ρh, \quad P_{u}^{*}(ν)=ρν$. A probability $\hatν$ on $…
For any stationary $\mZ^d$-Gibbs measure that satisfies strong spatial mixing, we obtain sequences of upper and lower approximations that converge to its entropy. In the case, $d=2$, these approximations are efficient in the sense that the approximations are accurate to within $ε$ and can be computed in time polynomial in $1/ε$.
We introduce the notion of weak containment for stationary actions of a countable group and define a natural topology on the space of weak equivalence classes. We prove that Furstenberg entropy is an invariant of weak equivalence, and moreover that it descends to a continuous function on the space of weak equivalence classes.
We propose the entropy of random Markov trajectories originating and terminating at a state as a measure of the stability of a state of a Markov process. These entropies can be computed in terms of the entropy rates and stationary distributions of Markov processes. We apply this definition of stability to local maxima and minima of the stationary distribution of the Moran process with mutation and show that variations in population size, mutation rate, and strength of selection all affect the stability of the stationary extrema.
We analyze some properties of maximizing stationary Markov probabilities on the Bernoulli space $[0,1]^\mathbb{N}$, More precisely, we consider ergodic optimization for a continuous potential $A$, where $A: [0,1]^\mathbb{N}\to \mathbb{R}$ which depends only on the two first coordinates. We are interested in finding stationary Markov probabilities $μ_\infty$ on $ [0,1]^\mathbb{N}$ that maximize the value $ \int A d μ,$ among all stationary Markov probabilities $μ$ on $[0,1]^\mathbb{N}$. This problem correspond in Statistical Mechanics to the zero temperature case for the interaction described b…
Let (G,mu) be a discrete group equipped with a generating probability measure, and let Gamma be a finite index subgroup of G. A mu-random walk on G, starting from the identity, returns to Gamma with probability one. Let theta be the hitting measure, or the distribution of the position in which the random walk first hits Gamma. We prove that the Furstenberg entropy of a (G,mu)-stationary space, with respect to the induced action of (Gamma,theta), is equal to the Furstenberg entropy with respect to the action of (G,mu), times the index of Gamma in G. The index is shown to be equal to the expecte…
This paper is Part I of a two-part series devoting to the study of systematic measures in a complex biological network modeled by a system of ordinary differential equations. As the mathematical complement to our previous work [31] with collaborators, the series aims at establishing a mathematical foundation for characterizing three important systematic measures: degeneracy, complexity and robustness, in such a biological network and studying connections among them. To do so, we consider in Part I stationary measures of a Fokker-Planck equation generated from small white noise perturbations of…
We study a class of stationary processes indexed by $\Z^d$ that are defined via minors of $d$-dimensional (multilevel) Toeplitz matrices. We obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for phase multiplicity (the existence of a phase transition) analogous to that which occurs in statistical mechanics. Phase uniqueness is equivalent to the presence of a strong $K$ property, a particular strengthening of the usual $K$ (Kolmogorov) property. We show that all of these processes are Bernoulli shifts (isomorphic to i.i.d. processes in the sense of ergodic theory). We obtain estimates of their entropi…
We study the Furstenberg-entropy realization problem for stationary actions. It is shown that for finitely supported probability measures on free groups, any a-priori possible entropy value can be realized as the entropy of an ergodic stationary action. This generalizes results of Bowen. The stationary actions we construct arise via invariant random subgroups (IRSs), based on ideas of Bowen and Kaimanovich. We provide a general framework for constructing a continuum of ergodic IRSs for a discrete group under some algebraic conditions, which gives a continuum of entropy values. Our tools apply …
Let $(G,μ)$ be a discrete group with a generating probability measure. Nevo shows that if $G$ has property (T) then there exists an $ε>0$ such that the Furstenberg entropy of any $(G,μ)$-stationary ergodic space is either zero or larger than $ε$. Virtually free groups, such as $SL_2(\mathbb{Z})$, do not have property (T), and neither do their extensions, such as surface groups. For these, we construct stationary actions with arbitrarily small, positive entropy. This construction involves building and lifting spaces of lamplighter groups. For some classical lamplighters, these spaces realize a …
We determine the range of Furstenberg entropy for stationary ergodic actions of nonabelian free groups by an explicit construction involving random walks on random coset spaces.
Entropy functionals are computed for non-stationary distributions of particles of Lorentz gas and hard disks. The distributions consisting of beams of particles are found to have the largest amount of entropy and entropy increase. The computations show exponentially monotonic increase during initial time of rapid approach to equilibrium. The rate of entropy increase is bounded by sums of positive Lyapounov exponents.
