Search for and study of extended emission-line regions (EELRs) related to AGN in early-type galaxies is interesting to probe the history of nuclear ionization activity and also to understand the process of external gas accretion. In this work, we present observations of the EELR in Mrk 78 obtained at the 6-m Russian telescope using the long-slit and 3D spectroscopy methods. We show that ionized-gas clouds at the 12-16 kpc projected distances from the nucleus are ionized by the AGN radiation. Also we have checked if the galaxy appearing in the optical images in the immediate neighbourhood of Mrk 78 near the external clouds is a dwarf companion or a part of a tidal structure. However, the spectrum of this galaxy, SDSS J074240.37+651021.4, obtained at the 6-m telescope corresponds to the distant background galaxy.
We present maps for the electron temperature in the inner kpc of three luminous Seyfert galaxies: Mrk 79, Mrk 348, and Mrk 607 obtained from Gemini GMOS-IFU observations at spatial resolutions of 110-280 pc. We study the distributions of electron temperature in active galaxies and find temperatures varying in the range from 8000 to >30000 K. Shocks due to gas outflows play an important role in the observed temperature distributions of Mrk 79 and Mrk 348, while standard photoionization models reproduce the derived temperature values for Mrk 607. In Mrk 79 and Mrk 348, we find direct evidence fo…
Using various techniques of optical observations at the 6-m Russian telescope (emission-line images, long-slit and 3D spectroscopy), we have studied large-scale morphology and kinematics of the ionized gas in the Seyfert galaxy Mrk6. Having a significantly deeper images and spectra than those in previous works, we have not only mapped the ionized gas in the stellar disc but also found a system of faint filaments elongated in the NE direction up to a projected distance of 40 kpc (4.3R$_{25}$). Kinematics as well as an ionization state of the filament gas suggest the scenario that hard radiation…
We present near-infrared and optical emission-line and stellar kinematics of the Seyfert 2 galaxy Mrk 573 using the Near-Infrared Field Spectrograph (NIFS) at Gemini North and Dual Imaging Spectrograph (DIS) at Apache Point Observatory, respectively. By obtaining full kinematic maps of the infrared ionized and molecular gas and stellar kinematics in a 700 x 2100 pc^2 circumnuclear region of Mrk 573, we find that kinematics within the Narrow-Line Region (NLR) are largely due to a combination of both rotation and in situ acceleration of material originating in the host disk. Combining these obse…
We report the results of reverberation mapping three bright Seyfert galaxies, Mrk 79, NGC 3227, and Mrk 841, from a campaign conducted from December 2016 to May 2017 with the Wyoming Infrared Observatory (WIRO) 2.3-meter telescope. All three of these targets have shown asymmetric broad H$β$ emission lines in the past, although their emission lines were relatively symmetric during our observations. We measured Hβ time lags for all three targets and estimated masses of their black holes -- for the first time in the case of Mrk 841. For Mrk 79 and NGC 3227, the data are of sufficient quality to r…
We present two-dimensional maps of emission-line fluxes and kinematics, as well as of the stellar kinematics of the central few kpc of five bright nearby Seyfert galaxies -- Mrk\,6, Mrk\,79, Mrk\,348, Mrk\,607 and Mrk\,1058 -- obtained from observations with the Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph (GMOS) Integral Field Unit (IFU) on the Gemini North Telescope. The data cover the inner 3\farcs5$\times$5\farcs0 -- corresponding to physical scales in the range 0.6$\times$0.9 to 1.5$\times$2.2\,kpc$^2$ -- at a spatial resolution ranging from 110 to 280 pc with a spectral coverage of 4300 -- 7100\,Å a…
Mid-infrared (MIR) spectra observed with Gemini/Michelle were used to study the nuclear region of the Compton-thick Seyfert 2 (Sy 2) galaxy Mrk 3 at a spatial resolution of $\sim$200 pc. No polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) emission bands were detected in the N-band spectrum of Mrk 3. However, intense [Ar III] 8.99 $μ$m, [S IV] 10.5 $μ$m and [Ne II] 12.8 $μ$m ionic emission-lines, as well as silicate absorption feature at 9.7$μ$m have been found in the nuclear extraction ($\sim$200 pc). We also present subarcsecond-resolution Michelle N-band image of Mrk 3 which resolves its circumnuclea…
In this paper, we present the analysis of new radio and optical observations of the narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy Mrk 783. 1.6 GHz observations performed with the e-MERLIN interferometer confirm the presence of the diffuse emission previously observed. The Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) also detects the nuclear source both at 1.6 GHz (L-Band) and 5 GHz (C-band). While the L-band image shows only an unresolved core, the C-band image shows the presence of a partially resolved structure, at a position angle of 60°. The brightness temperature of the emission in both bands ($>10^6$ K) suggests that…
We present the first results of a radio survey of 79 narrow-line Seyfert 1 (NLS1) carried out with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (JVLA) at 5 GHz in A configuration aimed at studying the radio properties of these sources. We report the detection of extended emission in one object: Mrk 783. This is intriguing, since the radio-loudness parameter R of this object is close to the threshold between radio-quiet and radio-loud active galactic nuclei (AGN). The galaxy is one of the few NLS1 showing such an extended emission at z < 0.1. The radio emission is divided in a compact core component and…
We present the results of a two year optical continuum photometric reverberation mapping campaign carried out on the nucleus of the Seyfert-1 galaxy Mrk509. Specially designed narrow-band filters were used in order to mitigate the line and pseudo-continuum contamination of the signal from the broad line region, while allowing for high-accuracy flux-calibration over a large field of view. We obtained light curves with a sub-day time sampling and typical flux uncertainties of $1\%$. The high photometric precision allowed us to measure inter-band continuum time delays of up to $\sim 2$ days acros…
Near-infrared spectroscopic data for the five Seyfert galaxies with jet-gas interaction Mrk 348, Mrk 573, Mrk 1066, NGC 7212, and NGC 7465, taken with the LIRIS near-infrared camera/spectrometer at the William Herschel Telescope (WHT) are reported. The long-slit spectra reveal the characteristic strong emission lines of this type of objects. Many forbidden transitions and hydrogen recombination lines are employed here to study the excitation and ionization mechanisms that are dominating the narrow-line region emission of these objects, that is affected by the radio-jet interaction. Several abs…
We report the discovery that the known `changing look' AGN Mrk 1018 has changed spectral type for a second time. New VLT-MUSE data taken in 2015 as part of the Close AGN Reference Survey (CARS) shows that the AGN has returned to its original Seyfert 1.9 classification. The CARS sample is selected to contain only bright type 1 AGN, but Mrk 1018's broad emission lines and continuum, typical of type 1 AGN, have almost entirely disappeared. We use spectral fitting of the MUSE spectrum and previously available spectra to determine the drop in broad line flux and the Balmer decrement. We find that t…
We present the results of the analysis of the X-ray spectrum of the Seyfert 2 Mrk 348, observed by Suzaku and XMM-Newton. The overall spectrum of Mrk 348 can be described by a primary power law continuum seen through three layers of absorption, of which one is neutral and two are ionised. Comparing Suzaku (2008) and XMM-Newton (2002) observations we find variability of the X-ray spectral curvature. We suggest that the variability can be explained through the change of column density of both the neutral and one of the ionised absorbers, together with a variation of the ionisation level of the s…
We present mid-infrared (MIR) imaging and spectroscopic data of the Seyfert 2 galaxy Mrk 1066 obtained with CanariCam (CC) on the 10.4 m Gran Telescopio CANARIAS (GTC). The galaxy was observed in imaging mode with an angular resolution of 0.24 arcsec (54 pc) in the Si-2 filter (8.7 micron). The image reveals a series of star-forming knots within the central ~400 pc, after subtracting the dominant active galactic nucleus (AGN) component. We also subtracted this AGN unresolved component from the 8-13 micron spectra of the knots and the nucleus, and measured equivalent widths (EWs) of the 11.3 mi…
We report finding kiloparsec-scale radio emissions aligned with parsec-scale jet structures in the narrow-line Seyfert 1 (NLS1) galaxy Mrk 1239 using the Very Large Array and the Very Long Baseline Array. Thus, this radio-quiet NLS1 has a jet-producing central engine driven by essentially the same mechanism as that of other radio-loud active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Most of the radio luminosity is concentrated within 100 parsecs and overall radio morphology looks edge-darkened; the estimated jet kinetic power is comparable to Fanaroff--Riley Type I radio galaxies. The conversion from accretion …
We investigate if the active galactic nucleus (AGN) of Mrk 590, whose supermassive black hole was until recently highly accreting, is turning off due to a lack of central gas to fuel it. We analyse new sub-arcsecond resolution ALMA maps of the $^{12}$CO(3-2) line and 344 GHz continuum emission in Mrk 590. We detect no $^{12}$CO(3-2) emission in the inner 150 pc, constraining the central molecular gas mass to $M({\rm H_2}) \lesssim 1.6 \times 10^5\, {M_{\odot}}$, no more than a typical giant molecular gas cloud, for a CO luminosity to gas mass conversion factor of $α_{\rm CO}\sim 0.8\,{M_{\odot…
We present a detailed analysis of XMM-Newton X-ray spectra of the Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 galaxy Mrk 1044. We find robust evidence for a multi-phase, ultra-fast outflow, traced by four separate components in the grating spectrum. One component has high column density and ionization state, and is outflowing at 0.15c. The other three wind components have lower temperature, lower column density, and have outflow velocities 0.08c. This wind structure is strikingly similar to that found in IRAS 17020+4544, suggesting that stratified winds may be a common feature of ultra-fast outflows. Such structure…
Broad Balmer emission lines in active galactic nuclei (AGN) may display dramatic changes in amplitude, even disappearance and re-appearance in some sources. As a nearby galaxy at a redshift of z = 0.0264, Mrk 590 suffered such a cycle of Seyfert type changes between 2006 and 2017. Over the last fifty years, Mrk 590 also underwent a powerful continuum outburst and a slow fading from X-rays to radio wavelengths with a peak bolometric luminosity reaching about ten per cent of the Eddington luminosity. To track its past accretion and ejection activity, we performed very long baseline interferometr…
We present Integral Field Spectroscopic (IFS) observations of the nearby ($z\sim0.03$) dual Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) Mrk 739, whose projected nuclear separation is $\sim$3.4~kpc, obtained with the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) at the Very Large Telescope (VLT). We find that the galaxy has an extended AGN-ionized emission-line region extending up to $\sim 20$ kpc away from the nuclei, while star-forming regions are more centrally concentrated within 2 - 3 kpc. We model the kinematics of the ionized gas surrounding the East nucleus using a circular disk profile, resulting in a pea…
We explore the kinematics of the stars, ionized gas, and warm molecular gas in the Seyfert 2 galaxy Mrk~3 (UGC~3426) on nuclear and galactic scales with {\it Gemini} Near-Infrared Field Spectrograph (NIFS) observations, previous {\it Hubble Space Telescope} data, and new long-slit spectra from the {\it Apache Point Observatory} ({\it APO}) 3.5 m telescope. The {\it APO} spectra are consistent with our previous suggestion that a galactic-scale gas/dust disk at PA $=$ 129\arcdeg, offset from the major axis of the host S0 galaxy at PA $=$ 28\arcdeg, is responsible for the orientation of the exten…
We present star formation rates based on cold and ionized gas measurements of Mrk 266 (NGC 5256), a system composed of two colliding gas-rich galaxies, each hosting an active galactic nucleus. Using $^{12}$CO (1-0) observations with the Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-Wave Astronomy (CARMA), we find a total H$_2$ mass in the central region of $1.1\pm0.3\times10^{10}$ $M_\odot$ which leads to a possible future star formation rate of $25\pm10 M_\odot$ yr$^{-1}$. With the Fourier Transform Spectrograph (SITELLE) on the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope, we measure an integrated H$α$ lumino…
Mrk 1388 has an unusual Seyfert nucleus that shows narrow emission-line components without broad ones, but shows a strong featureless continuum and strong iron-forbidden high-ionization emission lines. The apparent coexistence of type-1/2 characteristics is potentially attributed to a heavily obscured broad-line region or to an intermediate-mass black hole with a broad-line component intrinsically narrower than those of typical narrow-line Seyfert 1 (NLS1) galaxies. Our observation using very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) reveals high-brightness radio emission from nonthermal jets from a…
We present new spectrophotometric and spectropolarimetric observations of Mrk 1239, one of the 8 prototypes that defines type-1 narrow-line Seyfert galaxies (NLS1s). Unlike the other typical NLS1s though, a high degree of polarization ($P\sim$5.6%) and red optical-IR ($g-W_4$ = 12.35) colors suggest that Mrk 1239 is more similar to type-2 active galactic nuclei like NGC 1068. Detailed analysis of spectral energy distribution in the UV-optical-IR yields two components from the nucleus: a direct and transmitted component that is heavily obscured ($E_{B-V} \approx 1.6$), and another indirect and …
We present a detailed study of the X-ray and optical spectra of the luminous Seyfert galaxy Mrk 1393, which revealed variable partial obscuration of the active nucleus. The X-ray spectra obtained by XMM-Newton and Swift show moderate absorption with a column density around 3x10^21 cm^-2, consistent with a dust-reddening interpretation of the steep Balmer decrement seen in recent optical spectra. The X-ray flux in the 0.5 to 2 keV band during the XMM-Newton observation in 2005 and Swift observation in 2006 was a factor 6 brighter than that of the ROSAT All Sky Survey in 1991. In the past 4 year…
Accretion disks and coronae around massive black holes have been studied extensively, and they are known to be coupled. Over a period of 30 years, however, the X-ray (coronal) flux of Mrk 817 increased by a factor of 40 while its UV (disk) flux remained relatively steady. Recent high-cadence monitoring finds that the X-ray and UV continua in Mrk 817 are also decoupled on time scales of weeks and months. These findings could require mechanical beaming of the innermost accretion flow, and/or an absorber that shields the disk and/or broad line region (BLR) from the X-ray corona. Herein, we report…
High resolution X-ray spectroscopy of the warm absorber in the nearby X-ray bright Seyfert 1 galaxy, Mrk 1040 is presented. The observations were carried out in the 2013-2014 timeframe using the Chandra High Energy Transmission Grating with a total exposure of 200 ks. A multitude of absorption lines from Ne, Mg and Si are detected from a wide variety of ionization states. In particular, the detection of inner K-shell absorption lines from Ne, Mg and Si, from charge states ranging from F-like to Li-like ions, suggests the presence of a substantial amount of low ionization absorbing gas, illumin…
The Seyfert Galaxy Mrk 335 is known for its frequent changes of flux and spectral shape in the X-ray band occurred during recent years. These variations may be explained by the onset of a wind that previous, non-contemporaneous high-resolution spectroscopy in X-ray and UV bands located at accretion disc scale. A simultaneous new campaign by XMM-Newton and HST caught the source at an historical low flux in the X-ray band. The soft X-ray spectrum is dominated by prominent emission features, and by the effect of a strong ionized absorber with an outflow velocity of 5-6X10$^3$~km~s$^{-1}$. The bro…
The existence of binary supermassive black holes (SBHs) is predicted by models of hierarchical galaxy formation. To date, only a single binary SBH has been imaged, at a projected separation of 7.3 parsecs. Here we report the detection of a candidate dual SBH with projected separation of 0.35 pc in the gas-rich interacting spiral galaxy NGC 7674 (Mrk 533). This peculiar Seyfert galaxy possesses a $\sim$0.7 kpc Z-shaped radio jet; the leading model for the formation of such sources postulates the presence of an uncoalesced binary SBH created during the infall of a satellite galaxy. Using very lo…
The host galaxy conditions for rapid supermassive black hole growth are poorly understood. Narrow-line Seyfert 1 (NLS1) galaxies often exhibit high accretion rates and are hypothesized to be prototypes of active galactic nuclei (AGN) at an early stage of their evolution. We present VLT MUSE NFM-AO observations of Mrk 1044, the nearest super-Eddington accreting NLS1. Together with archival MUSE WFM data we aim to understand the host galaxy processes that drive Mrk 1044's black hole accretion. We extract the faint stellar continuum emission from the AGN-deblended host and perform spatially resol…
NGC 6860, Mrk 915, and MCG -01-24-012. II. Inflowing and outflowing cold molecular gas and the connection with ionized gas in Seyfert galaxies
Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, Astronomisches Rechen-Institut（海德堡大学天文中心，天文计算研究所）；Departamento de Astronomia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul（南里奥格兰德联邦大学天文学系）；Astronomy Department, Universidad de Concepción（康塞普西翁大学天文学系）；Observatorio Astronómico Nacional (OAN-IGN)-Observatorio de Madrid（国家天文台（OAN-IGN）马德里天文台）；Departamento de Física, CCNE, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria（圣玛丽亚联邦大学物理系，CCNE）；Centro de Astrobiología (CAB), CSIC-INTA（西班牙国家技术研究委员会-国家航空航天技术研究所天体生物学中心）；Finnish Centre for Astronomy with ESO, University of Turku（图尔库大学芬兰ESO天文学中心）
Mrk 382: A Narrow-line Seyfert 1 Galaxy with Recurrent X-ray State Transitions
Shenzhen Technology University（深圳理工大学）；Guangzhou University（广州大学）；Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院高能物理研究所）；University of Science and Technology of China（中国科学技术大学）
We have mapped the emission-line flux distributions and ratios as well as the gaseous kinematics of the inner 450 pc radius of the Seyfert 1 galaxy Mrk 766 using integral field near-IR J- and Kl-band spectra obtained with the Gemini nifs at a spatial resolution of 60 pc and velocity resolution of 40 km/s. Emission-line flux distributions in ionized and molecular gas extend up to ~ 300 pc from the nucleus. Coronal [S IX]λ1.2523μm line emission is resolved, being extended up to 150 pc from the nucleus. At the highest flux levels, the [Fe II]λ1.257μm line emission is most extended to the south-ea…
We present our recent results about the extended narrow-line region (ENLR) of two nearby Seyfert 2 galaxies (IC 5063 and NGC 7212) obtained by modelling the observed line profiles and spectra with composite models (photoionization+shocks) in the different regions surrounding the AGN. Then, we compare the Seyfert 2 ENLRs with the very extended one recently discovered in the narrow-line Seyfert 1 (NLS1) galaxy Mrk 783. We have found several evidences of interaction between the ISM of the galaxies and their radio jets, such as a) the contribution of shocks in ionizing the high velocity gas, b) th…
Radio variability in some radio-quiet (RQ) active galactic nuclei suggests emission from regions close to the central engine, possibly the outer accretion disc corona. If the origins of the radio and the X-ray emission are physically related, their emission may be temporarily correlated, possibly with some time delays. We present the results of quasi-simultaneous radio and X-ray monitoring of three RQ Seyfert galaxies, Mrk 110, Mrk 766, and NGC 4593, carried out with the Very Large Array at 8.5 GHz over a period of about 300 days, and with the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer at 2-10 keV over a per…
We have investigated the nature and origin of the Fe K emission lines in Mrk~205 using observations with {\it Suzaku} and {\it XMM-Newton}, aiming to resolve the ambiguity between a broad emission line and multiple unresolved lines of higher ionization. We detect the presence of a narrow Fe K$α$ emission line along with a broad band Compton reflection hump at energies $E>10 \rm \, keV$. These are consistent with reflected emission of hard X-ray photons off a Compton thick material of $N_{\rm H} \ge 2.15\times 10^{24} \rm cm^{-2}$. In addition we detect a partially covering ionized absorption w…
Ionized outflows, revealed by broad asymmetric wings of the [OIII] line, are commonly observed in AGN but the low intrinsic spatial resolution of observations has generally prevented a detailed characterization of their properties. The MAGNUM survey aims at overcoming these limitations by focusing on the nearest AGN, including NGC 1365, a nearby Seyfert galaxy (D~17 Mpc), hosting a low-luminosity AGN (Lbol ~ 2x10^43 erg/s). We want to obtain a detailed picture of the ionized gas in the central ~5 kpc of NGC 1365 in terms of physical properties, kinematics, and ionization mechanisms. We also ai…
We conducted Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) observations of seven nearby narrow-line Seyfert 1 (NLS1) galaxies at 1.7 GHz (18cm) with milli-arcsecond resolution. This is the first systematic very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) study focusing on the central parsec-scale regions of radio-quiet NLS1s. Five of the seven were detected at a brightness temperature of >~5x10^6 K and contain radio cores with high brightness temperatures of >6x10^7 K, indicating a nonthermal process driven by jet-producing central engines as is observed in radio-loud NLS1s and other active galactic nucleus (AGN) c…
We present the results of high resolution VLBI observations at 1.6 and 4.9 GHz of the radio-loud Seyfert galaxy, Mrk 6. These observations are able to detect a compact radio core in this galaxy for the first time. The core has an inverted spectral index ($α^{1.6}_{4.9}$=+1.0$\pm$0.2) and a brightness temperature of $1\times10^8$ K. Three distinct radio components which resemble jet elements and/or hot spots, are also detected. The position angles of these elongated jet elements point, not only to a curved jet in Mrk 6, but also towards a connection between the AGN and the kpc-scale radio lobes…
We study the prototypical Seyfert 2 galaxy, Markarian 3, based on imaging and high-resolution spectroscopy observations taken by the Chandra X-ray Observatory. We construct a deconvolved X-ray image, which reveals the S-shaped morphology of the hot gas in the narrow line region (NLR). While this morphology is similar to the radio and [O III] emission, the distribution of the X-ray gas is broader than that obtained at these other wavelengths. By mapping the density and temperature distribution of the hot gas in the NLR, we demonstrate the presence of shocks towards the west ($M=2.5^{+1.0}_{-0.6…
We present multi-wavelength observations that trace more than 40 years in the life of the active galactic nucleus (AGN) in Mrk 590, traditionally known as a classic Seyfert 1 galaxy. From spectra recently obtained from HST, Chandra, and the Large Binocular Telescope, we find that the activity in the nucleus of Mrk 590 has diminished so significantly that the continuum luminosity is a factor of 100 lower than the peak luminosity probed by our long baseline observations. Furthermore, the broad emission lines, once prominent in the UV/optical spectrum, have all but disappeared. Since AGN type is …
The jet in active galactic nuclei (AGN) is a key ingredient in understanding the co-evolution of galaxies and their central supermassive black holes (SMBHs). Unfortunately, the mechanism of jet launching and collimation is still elusive. The observational evidence of decreasing radio loudness with increasing Eddington ratio implies that the jet should be coupled with the accretion process. To further explore the relationship between the jet and accretion, it is necessary to extend our knowledge of the jet to an extreme end of the Eddington ratio distribution of AGN. Using Very Long Baseline Ar…
Searching for similarities in the accretion flow of Seyfert 1 galaxies and cataclysmic variables based on flare profiles of IRAS 13224-3809, 1H 0707-495, Mrk 766 and MV Lyr
Active Galactic Nuclei-driven Metallicity Enrichment in the Interstellar Medium of Mrk 573
Astronomical Observatory of the Jagiellonian University（雅盖隆大学天文台）；Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Toronto（多伦多大学加拿大理论天体物理研究所）；NASA-Goddard Space Flight Center（美国宇航局戈达德太空飞行中心）
