电池共享中的效率公平权衡
Efficiency Fairness Tradeoff in Battery Sharing
摘要：
分散式可再生能源发电在电网中的日益增多，促使消费者安装电池，以节省多余的能源供未来使用。能源存储的高价格要求共享存储系统，但需要仔细的电池管理，以便电池以对所有人公平且尽可能高效的方式运行。在本文中，我们研究了效率和公平性之间的权衡，在经营一个共享电池。我们开发了一个框架，基于约束马尔可夫决策过程研究这两种制度，即，优化效率下的硬公平约束和优化公平下的硬效率约束。我们的研究结果表明，在公平下的效率有根本的限制，反之亦然，而且，在一般情况下，这两个不能同时实现。我们通过对这些数量的绝对界限，并通过公平的价格，我们在本文中介绍的概念来描述这些基本限制。
英文摘要：
The increasing presence of decentralized renewable generation in the power grid has motivated consumers to install batteries to save excess energy for future use. The high price of energy storage calls for a shared storage system, but careful battery management is required so that the battery is operated in a manner that is fair to all and as efficiently as possible. In this paper, we study the tradeoffs between efficiency and fairness in operating a shared battery. We develop a framework based on constrained Markov decision processes to study both regimes, namely, optimizing efficiency under a hard fairness constraint and optimizing fairness under hard efficiency constraint. Our results show that there are fundamental limits to efficiency under fairness and vice-versa, and, in general, the two cannot be achieved simultaneously. We characterize these fundamental limits via absolute bounds on these quantities, and via the notion of price of fairness that we introduce in this paper.
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