Recent adversarial learning research has achieved very impressive progress for modelling cross-domain data shifts in appearance space but its counterpart in modelling cross-domain shifts in geometry space lags far behind. This paper presents an innovative Geometry-Aware Domain Adaptation Network (GA-DAN) that is capable of modelling cross-domain shifts concurrently in both geometry space and appearance space and realistically converting images across domains with very different characteristics. In the proposed GA-DAN, a novel multi-modal spatial learning technique is designed which converts a source-domain image into multiple images of different spatial views as in the target domain. A new disentangled cycle-consistency loss is introduced which balances the cycle consistency in appearance and geometry spaces and improves the learning of the whole network greatly. The proposed GA-DAN has been evaluated for the classic scene text detection and recognition tasks, and experiments show that the domain-adapted images achieve superior scene text detection and recognition performance while applied to network training.
Real-world face recognition using a single sample per person (SSPP) is a challenging task. The problem is exacerbated if the conditions under which the gallery image and the probe set are captured are completely different. To address these issues from the perspective of domain adaptation, we introduce an SSPP domain adaptation network (SSPP-DAN). In the proposed approach, domain adaptation, feature extraction, and classification are performed jointly using a deep architecture with domain-adversarial training. However, the SSPP characteristic of one training sample per class is insufficient to …
University of South Carolina（南卡罗来纳大学）；Farsee2 Technology Ltd（远见2科技有限公司）
Semantic segmentation of nighttime images plays an equally important role as that of daytime images in autonomous driving, but the former is much more challenging due to poor illuminations and arduous human annotations. In this paper, we propose a novel domain adaptation network (DANNet) for nighttime semantic segmentation without using labeled nighttime image data. It employs an adversarial training with a labeled daytime dataset and an unlabeled dataset that contains coarsely aligned day-night image pairs. Specifically, for the unlabeled day-night image pairs, we use the pixel-level predicti…
Boston University（波士顿大学）；MIT-IBM Watson AI Lab（麻省理工学院-IBM沃森人工智能实验室）
Unsupervised domain adaptation methods traditionally assume that all source categories are present in the target domain. In practice, little may be known about the category overlap between the two domains. While some methods address target settings with either partial or open-set categories, they assume that the particular setting is known a priori. We propose a more universally applicable domain adaptation framework that can handle arbitrary category shift, called Domain Adaptative Neighborhood Clustering via Entropy optimization (DANCE). DANCE combines two novel ideas: First, as we cannot fu…
Huazhong University of Science and Technology（华中科技大学）；Huawei International Co. Ltd.（华为国际有限公司）
Optical flow has achieved great success under clean scenes, but suffers from restricted performance under foggy scenes. To bridge the clean-to-foggy domain gap, the existing methods typically adopt the domain adaptation to transfer the motion knowledge from clean to synthetic foggy domain. However, these methods unexpectedly neglect the synthetic-to-real domain gap, and thus are erroneous when applied to real-world scenes. To handle the practical optical flow under real foggy scenes, in this work, we propose a novel unsupervised cumulative domain adaptation optical flow (UCDA-Flow) framework: …
DANCE: Resource-Efficient Neural Architecture Search with Data-Aware and Continuous Adaptation
City University of Hong Kong（香港城市大学）；Australian Artificial Intelligence Institute, University of Technology Sydney（澳大利亚人工智能研究所，悉尼技术大学）；Wuhan University（武汉大学）；Southern University of Science and Technology（南方科技大学）
University of Catania（卡塔尼亚大学）；Park Smart s.r.l.（Park Smart有限责任公司）
Semantic segmentation methods have achieved outstanding performance thanks to deep learning. Nevertheless, when such algorithms are deployed to new contexts not seen during training, it is necessary to collect and label scene-specific data in order to adapt them to the new domain using fine-tuning. This process is required whenever an already installed camera is moved or a new camera is introduced in a camera network due to the different scene layouts induced by the different viewpoints. To limit the amount of additional training data to be collected, it would be ideal to train a semantic segm…
University of Manitoba（曼尼托巴大学）；Simon Fraser University（西蒙菲莎大学）；University of Waterloo（滑铁卢大学）；Huawei Technologies Canada（华为加拿大公司）
We address the problem of image-based crowd counting. In particular, we propose a new problem called unlabeled scene-adaptive crowd counting. Given a new target scene, we would like to have a crowd counting model specifically adapted to this particular scene based on the target data that capture some information about the new scene. In this paper, we propose to use one or more unlabeled images from the target scene to perform the adaptation. In comparison with the existing problem setups (e.g. fully supervised), our proposed problem setup is closer to the real-world applications of crowd count…
Automotive scene understanding under adverse weather conditions raises a realistic and challenging problem attributable to poor outdoor scene visibility (e.g. foggy weather). However, because most contemporary scene understanding approaches are applied under ideal-weather conditions, such approaches may not provide genuinely optimal performance when compared to established a priori insights on extreme-weather understanding. In this paper, we propose a complex but competitive multi-task learning approach capable of performing in real-time semantic scene understanding and monocular depth estimat…
Semantic segmentation, a pixel-level vision task, is developed rapidly by using convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Training CNNs requires a large amount of labeled data, but manually annotating data is difficult. For emancipating manpower, in recent years, some synthetic datasets are released. However, they are still different from real scenes, which causes that training a model on the synthetic data (source domain) cannot achieve a good performance on real urban scenes (target domain). In this paper, we propose a weakly supervised adversarial domain adaptation to improve the segmentation p…
The domain adaptation (DA) approaches available to date are usually not well suited for practical DA scenarios of remote sensing image classification, since these methods (such as unsupervised DA) rely on rich prior knowledge about the relationship between label sets of source and target domains, and source data are often not accessible due to privacy or confidentiality issues. To this end, we propose a practical universal domain adaptation setting for remote sensing image scene classification that requires no prior knowledge on the label sets. Furthermore, a novel universal domain adaptation …
Robust semantic scene segmentation for automotive applications is a challenging problem in two key aspects: (1) labelling every individual scene pixel and (2) performing this task under unstable weather and illumination changes (e.g., foggy weather), which results in poor outdoor scene visibility. Such visibility limitations lead to non-optimal performance of generalised deep convolutional neural network-based semantic scene segmentation. In this paper, we propose an efficient end-to-end automotive semantic scene understanding approach that is robust to foggy weather conditions. As an end-to-e…
Centre for Artificial Intelligence, University of Technology Sydney（悉尼科技大学人工智能中心）
We consider the unsupervised scene adaptation problem of learning from both labeled source data and unlabeled target data. Existing methods focus on minoring the inter-domain gap between the source and target domains. However, the intra-domain knowledge and inherent uncertainty learned by the network are under-explored. In this paper, we propose an orthogonal method, called memory regularization in vivo to exploit the intra-domain knowledge and regularize the model training. Specifically, we refer to the segmentation model itself as the memory module, and minor the discrepancy of the two class…
Instance segmentation is a problem of significance in computer vision. However, preparing annotated data for this task is extremely time-consuming and costly. By combining the advantages of 3D scanning, reasoning, and GAN-based domain adaptation techniques, we introduce a novel pipeline named SRDA to obtain large quantities of training samples with very minor effort. Our pipeline is well-suited to scenes that can be scanned, i.e. most indoor and some outdoor scenarios. To evaluate our performance, we build three representative scenes and a new dataset, with 3D models of various common objects …
During the last half decade, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have triumphed over semantic segmentation, which is one of the core tasks in many applications such as autonomous driving and augmented reality. However, to train CNNs requires a considerable amount of data, which is difficult to collect and laborious to annotate. Recent advances in computer graphics make it possible to train CNNs on photo-realistic synthetic imagery with computer-generated annotations. Despite this, the domain mismatch between the real images and the synthetic data hinders the models' performance. Hence, we pro…
National University of Singapore（新加坡国立大学）；Zhejiang University（浙江大学）
Domain adaptation is to transfer the shared knowledge learned from the source domain to a new environment, i.e., target domain. One common practice is to train the model on both labeled source-domain data and unlabeled target-domain data. Yet the learned models are usually biased due to the strong supervision of the source domain. Most researchers adopt the early-stopping strategy to prevent over-fitting, but when to stop training remains a challenging problem since the lack of the target-domain validation set. In this paper, we propose one efficient bootstrapping method, called Adaboost Stude…
Osaka University（大阪大学）；Technische Universität Darmstadt（达姆施塔特工业大学）；The University of Tokyo（东京大学）
Together with the recent advances in semantic segmentation, many domain adaptation methods have been proposed to overcome the domain gap between training and deployment environments. However, most previous studies use limited combinations of source/target datasets, and domain adaptation techniques have never been thoroughly evaluated in a more challenging and diverse set of target domains. This work presents a new multi-domain dataset DRIV100 for benchmarking domain adaptation techniques on in-the-wild road-scene videos collected from the Internet. The dataset consists of pixel-level annotatio…
One-Shot Crowd Counting With Density Guidance For Scene Adaptation
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Intelligent Weather Forecasting and Applications Based on Big Data（江苏大数据智能天气预报与应用重点实验室）；State Key Laboratory of Climate System Prediction and Risk Management (CPRM)（气候变化预测与风险管理国家重点实验室）；ICAR/CIC-FEMD/KLME/ILCEC；Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology（南京信息工程大学）；School of Artificial Intelligence, OPtics and ElectroNics, Northwestern Polytechnical University（人工智能、光学与电子学学院，西北工业大学）；School of Computer Science, Wuhan University（武汉大学计算机学院）；School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology（南京理工大学计算机科学与工程学院）
University of Arkansas（阿肯色大学）；Concordia University（康考迪亚大学）；University of Wollongong（伍伦贡大学）
Semantic segmentation aims to predict pixel-level labels. It has become a popular task in various computer vision applications. While fully supervised segmentation methods have achieved high accuracy on large-scale vision datasets, they are unable to generalize on a new test environment or a new domain well. In this work, we first introduce a new Un-aligned Domain Score to measure the efficiency of a learned model on a new target domain in unsupervised manner. Then, we present the new Bijective Maximum Likelihood(BiMaL) loss that is a generalized form of the Adversarial Entropy Minimization wi…
Unsupervised Collaborative Domain Adaptation for Driving Scene Parsing
College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tongji University（同济大学电子与信息学院）；Department of Control Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology（控制科学与工程系，哈尔滨工业大学）；Department of Vehicle Control System and Software Development, NIO（车辆控制系统与软件开发部，蔚来汽车）；School of Computer Science and Technology, Tongji University（计算机科学与技术学院，同济大学）；Key Laboratory of Embedded System and Service Computing (Ministry of Education), Tongji University（嵌入式系统与服务计算重点实验室（教育部），同济大学）
National University of Singapore（新加坡国立大学）；Huawei International Pte Ltd（华为国际私人有限公司）；Yale-NUS College（耶鲁-新加坡国立大学学院）
Most existing domain adaptation (DA) methods align the features based on the domain feature distributions and ignore aspects related to fog, background and target objects, rendering suboptimal performance. In our DA framework, we retain the depth and background information during the domain feature alignment. A consistency loss between the generated depth and fog transmission map is introduced to strengthen the retention of the depth information in the aligned features. To address false object features potentially generated during the DA process, we propose an encoder-decoder framework to reco…
Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院自动化研究所）；CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology（中国科学院脑科学与智能技术卓越创新中心）；National University of Singapore（新加坡国立大学）
Convolutional neural network (CNN) has achieved state-of-the-art performance in many different visual tasks. Learned from a large-scale training dataset, CNN features are much more discriminative and accurate than the hand-crafted features. Moreover, CNN features are also transferable among different domains. On the other hand, traditional dictionarybased features (such as BoW and SPM) contain much more local discriminative and structural information, which is implicitly embedded in the images. To further improve the performance, in this paper, we propose to combine CNN with dictionarybased mo…
In this paper, we present DRANet, a network architecture that disentangles image representations and transfers the visual attributes in a latent space for unsupervised cross-domain adaptation. Unlike the existing domain adaptation methods that learn associated features sharing a domain, DRANet preserves the distinctiveness of each domain's characteristics. Our model encodes individual representations of content (scene structure) and style (artistic appearance) from both source and target images. Then, it adapts the domain by incorporating the transferred style factor into the content factor al…
Wuhan University（武汉大学）；UTokyo（东京大学）；MPI for Informatics（马克斯·普朗克信息学研究所）；NTHU（台湾清华大学）
Although considerable progress has been made in semantic scene understanding under clear weather, it is still a tough problem under adverse weather conditions, such as dense fog, due to the uncertainty caused by imperfect observations. Besides, difficulties in collecting and labeling foggy images hinder the progress of this field. Considering the success in semantic scene understanding under clear weather, we think it is reasonable to transfer knowledge learned from clear images to the foggy domain. As such, the problem becomes to bridge the domain gap between clear images and foggy images. Un…
Robust Multi-Modal Face Anti-Spoofing with Domain Adaptation: Tackling Missing Modalities, Noisy Pseudo-Labels, and Model Degradation
College of Computer and Cyber Security, Fujian Normal University（计算机与网络安全部，福建师范大学）；Department of Computer Science, National Tsing Hua University（计算机科学系，国立清华大学）
Computer Vision Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Switzerland（苏黎世联邦理工学院计算机视觉实验室）；Dept. of Electrical Engineering ESAT, KU Leuven, Belgium（比利时鲁汶大学电气与信息工程系（ESAT））
Comprehensive semantic segmentation is one of the key components for robust scene understanding and a requirement to enable autonomous driving. Driven by large scale datasets, convolutional neural networks show impressive results on this task. However, a segmentation algorithm generalizing to various scenes and conditions would require an enormously diverse dataset, making the labour intensive data acquisition and labeling process prohibitively expensive. Under the assumption of structural similarities between segmentation maps, domain adaptation promises to resolve this challenge by transferr…
Zhejiang University（浙江大学）；Tencent（腾讯）；University of Hong Kong（香港大学）
Deep learning-based scene text detection can achieve preferable performance, powered with sufficient labeled training data. However, manual labeling is time consuming and laborious. At the extreme, the corresponding annotated data are unavailable. Exploiting synthetic data is a very promising solution except for domain distribution mismatches between synthetic datasets and real datasets. To address the severe domain distribution mismatch, we propose a synthetic-to-real domain adaptation method for scene text detection, which transfers knowledge from synthetic data (source domain) to real data …
Joint scene understanding and segmentation for automotive applications is a challenging problem in two key aspects:- (1) classifying every pixel in the entire scene and (2) performing this task under unstable weather and illumination changes (e.g. foggy weather), which results in poor outdoor scene visibility. This poor outdoor scene visibility leads to a non-optimal performance of deep convolutional neural network-based scene understanding and segmentation. In this paper, we propose an efficient end-to-end contemporary automotive semantic scene understanding approach under foggy weather condi…
Cycle Training with Semi-Supervised Domain Adaptation: Bridging Accuracy and Efficiency for Real-Time Mobile Scene Detection
Ho Chi Minh University of Technology, VNU-HCM（胡志明市理工大学（胡志明市国家大学））；Michigan State University（密歇根州立大学）；LPL Financial（LPL金融公司）；Georgia State University（佐治亚州立大学）；Posts and Telecommunications Institute of Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam（河内邮电技术学院）；York University（约克大学）；AI VIETNAM Lab（越南人工智能实验室）
Structured prototype regularization for synthetic-to-real driving scene parsing
Tongji University（同济大学）；Beijing Institute of Aerospace Control Devices（北京航天控制设备研究所）；Ryazan State Radio Engineering University（里亚赞无线电工程大学）；Manhattan University（曼哈顿大学）
Indian Institute of Technology Bombay（印度理工学院孟买分校）；Goethe University Frankfurt（法兰克福歌德大学）
We tackle the novel problem of incremental unsupervised domain adaptation (IDA) in this paper. We assume that a labeled source domain and different unlabeled target domains are incrementally observed with the constraint that data corresponding to the current domain is only available at a time. The goal is to preserve the accuracies for all the past domains while generalizing well for the current domain. The IDA setup suffers due to the abrupt differences among the domains and the unavailability of past data including the source domain. Inspired by the notion of generative feature replay, we pr…
National Key Laboratory of Multispectral Information Intelligent Processing Technology, School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology（华中科技大学人工智能与自动化学院多光谱信息智能处理技术国家重点实验室）；Huawei International Co. Ltd.（华为国际有限公司）；School of Computer Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University（中山大学计算机科学与工程学院）；School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Peking University（北京大学电气与计算机工程学院）
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)（卡尔斯鲁厄理工学院）
The aftermath of air raids can still be seen for decades after the devastating events. Unexploded ordnance (UXO) is an immense danger to human life and the environment. Through the assessment of wartime images, experts can infer the occurrence of a dud. The current manual analysis process is expensive and time-consuming, thus automated detection of bomb craters by using deep learning is a promising way to improve the UXO disposal process. However, these methods require a large amount of manually labeled training data. This work leverages domain adaptation with moon surface images to address th…
TextDS: Parameter-Efficient Representation Alignment for Scene Text Detection under Distribution Shifts
School of Electrical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University（西安交通大学电气工程学院）；Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University（香港理工大学电机及电子工程学系）
University of Pittsburgh（匹兹堡大学）；Northeastern University（东北大学）；Yonsei University（延世大学）
Theoretically, domain adaptation is a well-researched problem. Further, this theory has been well-used in practice. In particular, we note the bound on target error given by Ben-David et al. (2010) and the well-known domain-aligning algorithm based on this work using Domain Adversarial Neural Networks (DANN) presented by Ganin and Lempitsky (2015). Recently, multiple variants of DANN have been proposed for the related problem of domain generalization, but without much discussion of the original motivating bound. In this paper, we investigate the validity of DANN in domain generalization from t…
University of Central Florida（中佛罗里达大学）；U.S. Army Research Laboratory（美国陆军研究实验室）
During the last half decade, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have triumphed over semantic segmentation, which is one of the core tasks in many applications such as autonomous driving. However, to train CNNs requires a considerable amount of data, which is difficult to collect and laborious to annotate. Recent advances in computer graphics make it possible to train CNNs on photo-realistic synthetic imagery with computer-generated annotations. Despite this, the domain mismatch between the real images and the synthetic data cripples the models' performance. Hence, we propose a curriculum-sty…
ARC Centre of Excellence for Robotic Vision（澳大利亚研究委员会机器人视觉卓越中心）；Monash University（莫纳什大学）
Domain adaptation and generative modelling have collectively mitigated the expensive nature of data collection and labelling by leveraging the rich abundance of accurate, labelled data in simulation environments. In this work, we study the performance gap that exists between representations optimised for localisation on simulation environments and the application of such representations in a real-world setting. Our method exploits the shared geometric similarities between simulation and real-world environments whilst maintaining invariance towards visual discrepancies. This is achieved by opti…
Humans comprehend a natural scene at a single glance; painters and other visual artists, through their abstract representations, stressed this capacity to the limit. The performance of computer vision solutions matched that of humans in many problems of visual recognition. In this paper we address the problem of recognizing the genre (subject) in digitized paintings using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) as part of the more general dealing with abstract and/or artistic representation of scenes. Initially we establish the state of the art performance by training a CNN from scratch. In the ne…
Deep learning models obtain impressive accuracy in road scenes understanding, however they need a large quantity of labeled samples for their training. Additionally, such models do not generalise well to environments where the statistical properties of data do not perfectly match those of training scenes, and this can be a significant problem for intelligent vehicles. Hence, domain adaptation approaches have been introduced to transfer knowledge acquired on a label-abundant source domain to a related label-scarce target domain. In this work, we design and carefully analyse multiple latent spac…
Despite their success in many computer vision tasks, convolutional networks tend to require large amounts of labeled data to achieve generalization. Furthermore, the performance is not guaranteed on a sample from an unseen domain at test time, if the network was not exposed to similar samples from that domain at training time. This hinders the adoption of these techniques in clinical setting where the imaging data is scarce, and where the intra- and inter-domain variance of the data can be substantial. We propose a domain adaptation technique that is especially suitable for deep networks to al…
Road safety mapping using satellite images is a cost-effective but a challenging problem for smart city planning. The scarcity of labeled data, misalignment and ambiguity makes it hard for supervised deep networks to learn efficient embeddings in order to classify between safe and dangerous road segments. In this paper, we address the challenges using a region guided attention network. In our model, we extract global features from a base network and augment it with local features obtained using the region guided attention network. In addition, we perform domain adaptation for unlabeled target …
University of Copenhagen（哥本哈根大学）；Gentofte Hospital（根措夫特医院）；ScreenPoint Medical
Purpose: Risk-stratified breast cancer screening might improve early detection and efficiency without comprising quality. However, modern mammography-based risk models do not ensure adaptation across vendor-domains and rely on cancer precursors, associated with short-term risk, which might limit long-term risk assessment. We report a cross-vendor mammographic texture model for long-term risk. Approach: The texture model was robustly trained using two systematically designed case-control datasets. Textural features, indicative of future breast cancer, were learned by excluding samples with diag…
We present a boundary-aware domain adaptation model for LiDAR scan full-scene semantic segmentation (LiDARNet). Our model can extract both the domain private features and the domain shared features with a two-branch structure. We embedded Gated-SCNN into the segmentor component of LiDARNet to learn boundary information while learning to predict full-scene semantic segmentation labels. Moreover, we further reduce the domain gap by inducing the model to learn a mapping between two domains using the domain shared and private features. Additionally, we introduce a new dataset (SemanticUSL\footnote…
Politecnico di Torino（都灵理工大学）；Sapienza University of Rome（罗马大学）；CINI Consortium（意大利国家跨大学计算联盟）；Huawei Noah’s Ark Lab（华为诺亚方舟实验室）
Unsupervised Domain Adaptation (UDA) is a key issue in visual recognition, as it allows to bridge different visual domains enabling robust performances in the real world. To date, all proposed approaches rely on human expertise to manually adapt a given UDA method (e.g. DANN) to a specific backbone architecture (e.g. ResNet). This dependency on handcrafted designs limits the applicability of a given approach in time, as old methods need to be constantly adapted to novel backbones. Existing Neural Architecture Search (NAS) approaches cannot be directly applied to mitigate this issue, as they re…
Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur（坎普尔印度理工学院）；IBM Research AI（IBM研究院人工智能部门）
Citizen engagement and technology usage are two emerging trends driven by smart city initiatives. Governments around the world are adopting technology for faster resolution of civic issues. Typically, citizens report issues, such as broken roads, garbage dumps, etc. through web portals and mobile apps, in order for the government authorities to take appropriate actions. Several mediums -- text, image, audio, video -- are used to report these issues. Through a user study with 13 citizens and 3 authorities, we found that image is the most preferred medium to report civic issues. However, analyzi…
We address the problem of camera pose estimation in visual localization. Current regression-based methods for pose estimation are trained and evaluated scene-wise. They depend on the coordinate frame of the training dataset and show a low generalization across scenes and datasets. We identify the dataset shift an important barrier to generalization and consider transfer learning as an alternative way towards a better reuse of pose estimation models. We revise domain adaptation techniques for classification and extend them to camera pose estimation, which is a multi-regression task. We develop …
Human activities often occur in specific scene contexts, e.g., playing basketball on a basketball court. Training a model using existing video datasets thus inevitably captures and leverages such bias (instead of using the actual discriminative cues). The learned representation may not generalize well to new action classes or different tasks. In this paper, we propose to mitigate scene bias for video representation learning. Specifically, we augment the standard cross-entropy loss for action classification with 1) an adversarial loss for scene types and 2) a human mask confusion loss for video…
