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arXiv 1907.09459astro-ph.GA
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从晕到盘的星系气体流:银河系晕-晕界面的层析成像和运动学

Galactic Gas Flows from Halo to Disk: Tomography and Kinematics at the Milky Way's Disk-Halo Interface

Hannah V. Bish, Jessica K. Werk, J. Xavier Prochaska, Kate H. R. Rubin, Yong Zheng, John M. O'Meara, Alis J. Deason

摘要:

我们提出了一个新的吸收线调查使用54个蓝色水平支星(BHB)在银河系晕作为背景源,检测在盘晕界面的气体流动。在3.1 - 13.4 kpc的高纬度($b$> 60 °)背景星的距离测量,结合前所未有的空间采样和光谱分辨率,使我们能够检查的三维空间分布和运动学的气体流动附近的磁盘。我们检测到的吸收签名的平面外钙和碘化钠在凯克HIRES光谱,并发现它们的柱密度表现出与距离的背景源没有任何趋势,这表明这些云位于3.1千秒差距的磁盘。我们计算的覆盖率为$f_{CaII}$ = 63%,$f_{NaI}$ = 26%,和$f_{HI}$ = 52%,与CGM的图片,包括多相云包含小块冷气体在更热,更扩散的气体。我们的测量将这些冷云内任何子结构的尺度限制在<0.5 kpc。CaII和NaI的吸收特征表现出中等速度(IV)分量,相对于当地静止标准,以-75 km/s <v <-25 km/s的速度流入,与以前研究的HI结构一致。我们报告的新检测流入速度梯度$Δv_z$~6 - 9公里/秒/千秒差距在银河平面。这些发现限制了CGM气体流经盘-晕界面的物理和运动学性质,并支持了冷气体降雨回到盘上的星系喷泉模型。

英文摘要:

We present a novel absorption line survey using 54 blue horizontal branch stars (BHBs) in the Milky Way halo as background sources for detecting gas flows at the disk-halo interface. Distance measurements to high-latitude ($b$ > 60°) background stars at 3.1-13.4 kpc, combined with unprecedented spatial sampling and spectral resolution, allow us to examine the 3-dimensional spatial distribution and kinematics of gas flows near the disk. We detect absorption signatures of extraplanar CaII and NaI in Keck HIRES spectra and find that their column densities exhibit no trend with distance to the background sources, indicating that these clouds lie within 3.1 kpc of the disk. We calculate covering fractions of $f_{CaII}$ = 63%, $f_{NaI}$ = 26%, and $f_{HI}$ = 52%, consistent with a picture of the CGM that includes multi-phase clouds containing small clumps of cool gas within hotter, more diffuse gas. Our measurements constrain the scale of any substructure within these cool clouds to <0.5 kpc. CaII and NaI absorption features exhibit an intermediate-velocity (IV) component inflowing at velocities of -75 km/s < v < -25 km/s relative to the local standard of rest, consistent with previously-studied HI structures in this region. We report the new detection of an inflow velocity gradient $Δv_z$ ~ 6-9 km/s/kpc across the Galactic plane. These findings place constraints on the physical and kinematic properties of CGM gas flows through the disk-halo interface, and support a galactic fountain model in which cold gas rains back onto the disk.

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