用净质子数涨落寻找QCD临界点
Searching for the QCD critical point with net-proton number fluctuations
摘要：
净质子数波动可以通过实验测量，因此提供了有关相对论性重离子碰撞期间产生的物质的重要信息来源。特别是，它们可能会给我们提供关于约束QCD临界点的线索。在这项工作中，束流能量的净质子数的前四个累积量的比率的依赖关系进行了讨论。这些数量计算使用的唯象动机模型，其中临界模式波动耦合到质子和反质子。我们的模型定性地捕获了最低阶比的单调行为以及高阶比的非单调行为，如STAR合作的实验数据所示。我们还讨论了我们的结果的耦合强度和临界点的位置的依赖。
英文摘要：
Net-proton number fluctuations can be measured experimentally and hence provide a source of important information about the matter created during relativistic heavy ion collisions. Particularly, they may give us clues about the conjectured QCD critical point. In this work the beam-energy dependence of ratios of the first four cumulants of the net-proton number is discussed. These quantities are calculated using a phenomenologically motivated model in which critical mode fluctuations couple to protons and anti-protons. Our model qualitatively captures both the monotonic behavior of the lowest-order ratio as well as the non-monotonic behavior of higher-order ratios, as seen in the experimental data from the STAR Collaboration. We also discuss the dependence of our results on the coupling strength and the location of the critical point.
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