冰巨人的大气电学
Atmospheric Electricity at the Ice Giants
摘要：
旅行者2号在天王星和海王星探测到闪电，而银河宇宙线（GCR）电离也会在整个行星大气中产生较弱的电过程。闪电是对流的指示器，而远离风暴的电过程调节云的形成和化学，特别是如果没有太阳辐射来驱动其他机制。冰巨星在太阳系中似乎是独一无二的，因为它们距离太阳足够远，与GCR相关的机制对云和气候具有重要意义，但也有足够的对流发生闪电。本文回顾了观测（来自旅行者2号和地球）、数据分析和建模，并考虑了未来任务的选择。建议为未来的轨道器配备无线电、高能粒子和磁仪器，并为现场观测配备类似惠更斯的大气电学传感器。天王星闪电也有望被地面射电望远镜探测到。
英文摘要：
Lightning was detected by Voyager 2 at Uranus and Neptune, and weaker electrical processes also occur throughout planetary atmospheres from galactic cosmic ray (GCR) ionisation. Lightning is an indicator of convection, whereas electrical processes away from storms modulate cloud formation and chemistry, particularly if there is little insolation to drive other mechanisms. The ice giants appear to be unique in the Solar System in that they are distant enough from the Sun for GCR-related mechanisms to be significant for clouds and climate, yet also convective enough for lightning to occur. This paper reviews observations (both from Voyager 2 and Earth), data analysis and modelling, and considers options for future missions. Radio, energetic particle and magnetic instruments are recommended for future orbiters, and Huygens-like atmospheric electricity sensors for in situ observations. Uranian lightning is also expected to be detectable from terrestrial radio telescopes.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
