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arXiv 1907.03331cs.DC
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Ostraka:通过节点分片实现安全的区块链扩展

Ostraka: Secure Blockchain Scaling by Node Sharding

Alex Manuskin, Michael Mirkin, Ittay Eyal

摘要:

使用区块链协议实现的加密货币,如果能够克服性能限制,有望成为全球支付系统。快速发展的架构改善了延迟和吞吐量,但大多数都需要所有参与服务器来处理所有事务。最近的几项工作提出了对系统进行分片,这样每台机器只处理事务的一个子集。然而,我们发现这些解决方案暴露了一种拒绝服务攻击-攻击者可以生成会使单个分片过载的事务,从而延迟整个系统的处理。此外,我们表明,在常见的情况下,这些协议要求大多数节点操作员处理几乎所有的区块链交易。我们介绍了Ostraka,这是一个区块链节点架构,它将节点本身分片(并行化)。我们证明了用Ostraka节点替换统一节点不会影响底层共识机制的安全性。我们评估分析和实验块传播和处理在各种设置。Ostraka允许网络中的节点扩展,而无需昂贵的协调。在我们的实验中,Ostraka节点的事务处理速率随着资源的增加而线性增长。

英文摘要:

Cryptocurrencies, implemented with blockchain protocols, promise to become a global payment system if they can overcome performance limitations. Rapidly advancing architectures improve on latency and throughput, but most require all participating servers to process all transactions. Several recent works propose to shard the system, such that each machine would only process a subset of the transactions. However, we identify a denial-of-service attack that is exposed by these solutions - an attacker can generate transactions that would overload a single shard, thus delaying processing in the entire system. Moreover, we show that in common scenarios, these protocols require most node operators to process almost all blockchain transactions. We present Ostraka, a blockchain node architecture that shards (parallelizes) the nodes themselves. We prove that replacing a unified node with an Ostraka node does not affect the security of the underlying consensus mechanism. We evaluate analytically and experimentally block propagation and processing in various settings. Ostraka allows nodes in the network to scale, without costly coordination. In our experiments, Ostraka nodes' transaction processing rate grows linearly with the addition of resources.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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