气候、物质、生命和经济中时间尺度的多样性
Multiplicity of time scales in climate, matter, life, and economy
摘要：
本主题综述交流了关于多个过程相互作用的工作经验。我们的经验来自气候变化建模、材料科学、细胞生理学和公共卫生以及宏观经济建模。我们着眼于近年来在宽带时间频率采样、多尺度建模和复杂系统的快速大规模数值模拟方面取得的惊人进展，以及许多基于科学的结果的持续不确定性。我们描述和分析依赖于测量的时间尺度的属性;结构不稳定性;临界点;阈值;滞后;失控或稳定或延迟的反馈机制。我们指出，严重的迷失方向，在统计抽样，观察的解释和控制的设计时，忽略了存在或出现的多个特征时间。我们解释了这些工作经验可以证明环境研究。
英文摘要：
This topic review communicates working experiences regarding interaction of a multiplicity of processes. Our experiences come from climate change modelling, materials science, cell physiology and public health, and macroeconomic modelling. We look at the astonishing advances of recent years in broad-band temporal frequency sampling, multiscale modelling and fast large-scale numerical simulation of complex systems, but also the continuing uncertainty of many science-based results. We describe and analyse properties that depend on the time scale of the measurement; structural instability; tipping points; thresholds; hysteresis; feedback mechanisms with runaways or stabilizations or delays. We point to grave disorientation in statistical sampling, the interpretation of observations and the design of control when neglecting the presence or emergence of multiple characteristic times. We explain what these working experiences can demonstrate for environmental research.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
