Avijit Chowdhury, Narayan Banerjee
A scalar hair is used to generate a mutated black hole, which mimics an Einstein-Rosen bridge or a wormhole. The superradiant stability of the spacetime is studied under perturbation by an electrically charged massive scalar field. The system appears to be stable against superradiance irrespective of the mass of the test field.
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We investigate the superradiant instability of dyonic Reissner-Nordström (dRN) black holes with two charges under a charged massive scalar perturbation. Two conditions for possessing a trapping well are obtained from analyzing asymptotic scalar potential and far-region wave functions. It is clear that the superradiant instability is not allowed in the dRN black holes because the conditions for a trapping well are not compatible with the superradiance condition.
We study the dynamics of a massive charged scalar wave which except its canonical coupling to gravity it is also coupled kinematically to Einstein tensor. We find that as the strength of the new coupling is increased the scattered wave off the horizon of a Reissner-Nordström black hole is superradiantly amplified resulting to the instability of the Reissner-Nordström spacetime.
We examine the stability of extremal braneworld Reissner-Nordström black holes under massive charged scalar perturbations. We show that similar to the four-dimensional case, the superradiant amplification can occur in braneworld charged holes. More interestingly we find that when the spacetime dimension is higher than four, a trapping potential well can emerge outside the braneworld black hole. This potential well is the extra dimensional effect and does not exist in four dimensions. It triggers the superradiant instability of the extremal braneworld charged holes.
The superradiant stability is investigated for non-extremal Reissner-Nordstrom black hole. We use an algebraic method to demonstrate that all non-extremal Reissner-Nordstrom black holes are superradiantly stable against a charged massive scalar perturbation. This improves the results obtained before for non-extremal Reissner-Nordstrom black holes.
The superradiant stability of five and six-dimensional extremal Reissner-Nordstrom black holes under charged massive scalar perturbation is studied. In each case, it is analytically proved that the effective potential experienced by the scalar perturbation has only one maximum outside the black hole horizon and no potential well exists for the superradiance modes. So the five and six-dimensional extremal Reissner-Nordstrom black holes are superradiantly stable. In the proof, we develop a new method which is based on the Descartes' rule of signs for the polynomial equations. Our results general…
In this paper, a detailed analysis for superradiant stability of the system composed by a $D$-dimensional Reissner-Nordström-anti-de Sitter (RN-AdS) black hole and a reflecting mirror under charged scalar perturbations are presented in the linear regime. It is found that the stability of the system is heavily affected by the mirror radius as well as the mass of the scalar perturbation, AdS radius and the dimension of space-time. In a higher dimensional space-time, the degree of instability of the superradiant modes will be severely weakened. Nevertheless, the degree of instability can be magni…
Black holes immersed in magnetic fields are believed to be important systems in astrophysics. One interesting topic on these systems is their superradiant stability property. In the present paper, we analytically obtain the superradiantly stable regime for the asymptotically flat dyonic Reissner-Nordstrom black holes with charged massive scalar perturbation. The effective potential experienced by the scalar perturbation in the dyonic black hole background is obtained and analyzed. It is found that the dyonic black hole is superradiantly stable in the regime $0<r_{-}/r_{+}<2/3$, where $r_\pm$ a…
Black holes possess trapping regions which lead to intriguing dynamical effects. By properly scattering test fields off a black hole, one can extract energy from it, leading to the growth of the amplitude of the test field in expense of the black hole's energy. Such a dynamical phenomenon is called superradiance. Here, we study charged-scalar-field instabilities of Reissner-Nordström black holes immersed in a $d-$dimensional de Sitter Universe. By performing a thorough frequency-domain analysis we compute the unstable quasinormal resonances and link their presence with a novel family of quasin…
We investigate the superradiant instability for a charged scalar field in a $D$-dimensional small Reissner-Nordström-Anti-de Sitter (RN-AdS) black hole. Firstly, we solve the charged Klein-Gordon equation analytically by a matching method. We show that the general $D$-dimensional quasinormal frequencies depend on the relation between the angular momentum quantum number, $\ell$, and $D$. When $\ell$ is a (non-negative) integer multiple of $D-3$, i.e $\ell=p(D-3)$, we find an analytical quasinormal frequency formula adding a purely imaginary correction to the AdS normal frequencies. This is the …
The superradiant stability of higher dimensional non-extremal Reissner-Nordstrom black holes under charged massive scalar perturbation is analytically studied. We extend an analytical method developed by one of the authors in the extremal Reissner-Nordstrom black hole cases to non-extremal cases. Using the new analytical method, we revisit four-dimensional Reissner-Nordstrom black hole case and obtain that four-dimensional Reissner-Nordstrom black hole is superradiantly stable, which is consistent with results in previous works. We then analytically prove that the five-dimensional Reissner-Nor…
We study the superradiance effect in a class of scalar-tensor Horndeski theory. We first study the dynamics of a massive charged scalar wave scattered off the horizon of a Reissner-Nordström black hole which except its canonical coupling to gravity it is also coupled kinetically to curvature. We find that a trapping potential is formed outside the horizon of a Reissner-Nordström black hole, due to this coupling, and as the strength of the new coupling is increased, the scattered wave is superradiantly amplified, resulting to the instability of the Reissner-Nordström spacetime. We then consider…
We analytically study the superradiant instability of a charged massless scalar field in the background of D-dimensional Reissner-Nordström (RN) black hole caused by the mirror's boundary condition. By using the asymptotic matching method to solve the Klein-Gordon equation that govern the dynamics of the scalar field, we have derived the expressions of the complex parts of the boxed quasinormal frequencies, and shown they are positive in the regime of superradiance. This indicates the charged scalar field is unstable in D-dimensional Reissner-Nordström (RN) black hole surrounded by mirror. The…
The superradiant stability of asymptotically flat D-dimensional extremal Reissner-Nordstrom black holes under charged massive scalar perturbation is analytically studied. Recently, an analytical method has been proposed by the author and used to prove that five and six-dimensional extremal Reissner-Nordstrom black holes are superradiantly stable under charged massive scalar perturbation. We apply this analytical method in the D-dimensional extremal Reissner-Nordstrom black hole cases and prove that the D-dimensional Reissner-Nordstrom black holes are all superradiantly stable under charged mas…
Superradiant black hole rocket
本文计算了带电标量模式被半球形完美镜面偏转时，与超辐射Reissner-Nordström黑洞相互作用产生的总推力，揭示了黑洞的超辐射火箭效应。
The superradiant stability of higher dimensional non-extremal Reissner-Nordstrom black hole under charged massive scalar perturbation is analytically studied. We extend our previous studies of four- and five-dimensional non-extremal Reissner-Nordstrom black hole cases to six-dimensional case. By analyzing the derivative of the effective potential with an analytical method, we find that no potential well exists outside the outer horizon of the black hole for the superradiant scalar modes. This means that there is no black hole bomb for the system consisting of six-dimensional Reissner-Nordstrom…
Reissner-Nordström Anti-de Sitter (RNAdS) black holes are unstable against the charged scalar field perturbations due to the well-known superradiance phenomenon. We present the time domain analysis of charged scalar field perturbations in the RNAdS black hole background in general dimensions. We show that the instabilities of charged scalar field can be explicitly illustrated from the time profiles of evolving scalar field. By using the Prony method to fit the time evolution data, we confirm the mode that dominates the long time behavior of scalar field is in accordance with the quasinormal mo…
Massive scalar test fields around Kerr black holes can form quasi-bound states with complex frequencies. Some of these states decay in time, but some others -- in the superradiant regime -- grow, causing a superradiant instability. Precisely at the threshold between decaying and growing modes, there exist bound states with real frequency, known as scalar clouds. Fully non-linear counterparts of these clouds have been shown to yield Kerr black holes with scalar hair. Here, we consider massive, (electrically) charged, test scalar and Proca fields on the background of Reissner-Nordström black hol…
The fundamental role played by black holes in many areas of physics makes it highly important to explore the nature of their stability. The stability of charged Reissner-Nordström black holes to {\it neutral} (gravitational and electromagnetic) perturbations was established almost four decades ago. However, the stability of these charged black holes under {\it charged} perturbations has remained an open question due to the complexity introduced by the well-known phenomena of superradiant scattering: A charged scalar field impinging on a charged Reissner-Nordström black hole can be {\it amplifi…
Black holes typically inhabit highly dynamical galactic environments and are frequently permeated by accretion media. The inevitable scattering of scalar, electromagnetic and gravitational waves off rotating and charged black holes provides a remarkable demonstration of the energy extraction and subsequent amplification of scattered waves under the expense of the compact object's rotational and electromagnetic energy; a phenomenon known as superradiance. Certain circumstances tremendously favor the energy extraction process in such extent that linear superradiant instabilities are triggered. W…
We study the superradiant instability of slowly rotating Kerr-Newman (sKN) black holes under a charged massive scalar perturbation. These black holes resemble closer the Reissner-Nordström black holes than the Kerr-Newman black holes. We compute the negative absorption cross section of a massive scalar for superradiant scattering in the low frequency limit. From the scalar potential analysis, we find that the superradiant instability is not allowed in the sKN black holes because the condition for a trapping well is not compatible with the superradiance condition. However, the rate of energy ex…
We construct hairy black hole solutions that merge with the anti-de Sitter (AdS$_4$) Reissner-Nordström black hole at the onset of superradiance. These hairy black holes have, for a given mass and charge, higher entropy than the corresponding AdS$_4$-Reissner-Nordström black hole. Therefore, they are natural candidates for the endpoint of the charged superradiant instability. On the other hand, hairy black holes never dominate the canonical and grand-canonical ensembles. The zero-horizon radius of the hairy black holes is a soliton (i.e. a boson star under a gauge transformation). We construct…
Frequency domain studies have recently demonstrated that charged scalar fields exhibit fast growing superradiant instabilities when interacting with charged black holes in a cavity. Here, we present a time domain analysis of the long time evolution of test charged scalar field configurations on the Reissner-Nordström background, with or without a mirror-like boundary condition. Initial data is taken to be either a Gaussian wave packet or a regularised (near the horizon) quasi-bound state. Then, Fourier transforming the data obtained in the evolution confirms the results obtained in the frequen…
Similar to the superradiant effect in Reissner-Nordström black hole, a charged scalar field can be amplified when impinging on the charged black hole in string theory. According to the black-hole bomb mechanism,the mass term of the incident field can works as the reflecting mirror, which may trigger the instability of black hole. We study the possible instability triggered by superradiant effect and demonstrate that the charged black hole in string theory is stable against the massive charged scalar perturbation. The reason is that there is no trapping potential well in the black hole exterior…
Superradiant Instability of Charged Extremal Black Holes in Einstein-Born-Infeld Gravity
本文通过数值研究爱因斯坦-玻恩-因费尔德理论中带电极端黑洞的标量扰动，证明其普遍存在超辐射不稳定性，从而说明Reissner-Nordström黑洞的超辐射稳定性是精细调节结果，并支持弱引力猜想下黑洞可衰变的观点。
Exact Regions of Superradiant Instability of Kerr-Newman Black Holes and Massive Scalar Fields
使用VBK方法精确确定了Kerr-Newman黑洞与有质量带电标量场相互作用的超辐射不稳定性参数区域，给出了不稳定边界和增长率的解析表达式。
A Reissner-Nordström black hole (BH) is superradiantly unstable against spherical perturbations of a charged scalar field, enclosed in a cavity, with frequency lower than a critical value. We use numerical relativity techniques to follow the development of this unstable system -- dubbed a charged BH bomb -- into the non-linear regime, solving the full Einstein--Maxwell--Klein-Gordon equations, in spherical symmetry. We show that: $i)$ the process stops before all the charge is extracted from the BH; $ii)$ the system settles down into a hairy BH: a charged horizon in equilibrium with a scalar f…
In a recent letter, we presented numerical relativity simulations, solving the full Einstein--Maxwell--Klein-Gordon equations, of superradiantly unstable Reissner-Nordström black holes (BHs), enclosed in a cavity. Low frequency, spherical perturbations of a charged scalar field, trigger this instability. The system's evolution was followed into the non-linear regime, until it relaxed into an equilibrium configuration, found to be a $\textit{hairy}$ BH: a charged horizon in equilibrium with a scalar field condensate, whose phase is oscillating at the (final) critical frequency. Here, we investi…
No black hole bomb for $D$-dimensional non-extremal Reissner-Nordstrom black holes against charged massive scalar perturbation
本文解析证明，任意维数（$D\geq7$）的非极端Reissner-Nordstrom黑洞在带电有质量标量微扰下均无超辐射不稳定，即不存在黑洞炸弹，推广了五维和六维的已知结论。
Confined scalar fields, either by a mass term or by a mirror-like boundary condition, have unstable modes in the background of a Kerr black hole. Assuming a time dependence as $e^{-iωt}$, the growth time-scale of these unstable modes is set by the inverse of the (positive) imaginary part of the frequency, Im$(ω)$, which reaches a maximum value of the order of Im$(ω)M\sim 10^{-5}$, attained for a mirror-like boundary condition, where $M$ is the black hole mass. In this paper we study the minimally coupled Klein-Gordon equation for a charged scalar field in the background of a Reissner-Nordström…
We describe the full nonlinear development of the superradiant instability for a charged massless scalar field, coupled to general relativity and electromagnetism, in the vicinity of a Reissner-Nordstrom-AdS black hole. The presence of the negative cosmological constant provides a natural context for considering perfectly reflecting boundary conditions and studying the dynamics as the scalar field interacts repeatedly with the black hole. At early times, small superradiant perturbations grow as expected from linearized studies. Backreaction then causes the black hole to lose charge and mass un…
The well-known superradiant amplification mechanism allows a charged scalar field of proper mass $μ$ and electric charge $q$ to extract the Coulomb energy of a charged Reissner-Nordström black hole. The rate of energy extraction can grow exponentially in time if the system is placed inside a reflecting cavity which prevents the charged scalar field from escaping to infinity. This composed black-hole-charged-scalar-field-mirror system is known as the {\it charged black-hole bomb}. Previous numerical studies of this composed physical system have shown that, in the linearized regime, the inequali…
We study charged Dirac quasinormal modes (QNMs) on Reissner-Nordström-Anti-de Sitter (RN-AdS) black holes with generic Robin boundary conditions, by extending our earlier work of neutral Dirac QNMs on Schwarzschild-AdS black holes. We first derive the equations of motion for charged Dirac fields on a RN-AdS background. To solve these equations we impose a requirement on the Dirac field: that its energy flux should vanish at asymptotic infinity. A set of two Robin boundary conditions compatible with QNMs is consequently found. By employing both analytic and numeric methods, we then obtain the q…
Recently, a new interesting instability of a charged scalar field in the Reissner-Nordström-de Sitter background has been found (arXiv:1405.4931v2) through the time-domain integration of the perturbation equation. We investigate further properties of this instability, confirm its existence by concordant frequency-domain and time-domain calculations and show that it occurs at however small value of the coupling eQ, where e and Q are charges of a scalar field and black hole respectively. We also investigate the parametric region of instability and show that the critical values of eQ at which the…
In this paper we analyze the propagation of a charged scalar field in a Reissner-Nordström black hole endowed with one anisotropic fluid that can play the role of a cosmological term for certain set of parameters. The evolution of a scalar wave scattering is examined giving rise to the same superradiant scattering condition as in the de Sitter case. In addition, an analysis of the modes coming from the application of quasinormal boundary conditions is presented. Some special cases displaying analytical solutions for the quasinormal frequencies are discussed. Moreover, the superradiant conditio…
A sufficient condition for the development of superradiant instabilities in charged black-hole spacetimes
研究证明在eikonal大质量区间，不等式Φ_H>Q/M是带电黑洞超辐射不稳定的充分条件，且所有ABG黑洞满足该条件而Reissner-Nordström黑洞不满足。
We find hairy black holes of Einstein-Maxwell theory with a complex scalar field that is confined inside a box in a Minkowski background. These regular hairy black holes are asymptotically flat and thus the presence of the box or mirror allows to evade well-known no-hair theorems. We also find the Israel surface stress tensor that the confining box must have to obey the energy conditions. In the zero horizon radius limit, these hairy black holes reduce to a regular asymptotically flat hairy soliton. We find our solutions using perturbation theory. At leading order, a hairy black hole can be se…
Can a black hole that suffers a superradiant instability evolve towards a 'hairy' configuration which is stable? We address this question in the context of Einstein-charged scalar field theory. First, we describe a family of static black hole solutions which possess charged scalar-field hair confined within a mirror-like boundary. Next, we derive a set of equations which govern the linear, spherically symmetric perturbations of these hairy solutions. We present numerical evidence which suggests that, unlike the vacuum solutions, the (single-node) hairy solutions are stable under linear perturb…
Effects of nonlinear interactions on the superradiant instability of charged black holes
研究非线性相互作用对带电黑洞超辐射不稳定性的影响，通过构建轴子场与电磁场耦合模型，揭示毛发黑洞形成及多种物理终点演化。
We consider the static charged black hole bomb system, originally designed for a (uncharged) rotating superradiant system by Press and Teukolsky. A charged scalar field confined in a Minkowski cavity with a Maxwell gauge field has a quantized spectrum of normal modes that can fit inside the box. Back-reacting non-linearly these normal modes, we find the hairy solitons, a.k.a boson stars (depending on the chosen $U(1)$ gauge), of the theory. The scalar condensate is totally confined inside the box and, outside it, we have the Reissner-Nordström solution. The Israel junction conditions at the bo…
Schwarzschild-f(R) Black Holes and the Absence of Black Hole Bomb Effect
本文采用基于Descartes符号法则的解析方法，证明Schwarzschild-f(R)黑洞在带电大质量标量微扰下超辐射稳定，因而不存在黑洞炸弹效应。
Charged Superradiant Instability of Spherically Symmetric Regular Black Holes in de Sitter Spacetime: Time- and Frequency-Domain Analysis
研究了在de Sitter时空中的Ayón-Beato-García-de Sitter黑洞在无质量带电标量扰动下的超辐射不稳定性，发现只有ℓ=0的球对称模式会发生不稳定性，而渐近平坦的ABG黑洞在无质量极限下保持稳定，突显了宇宙学视界在提供约束边界中的关键作用。
Superradiant instability of a charged regular black hole
本文研究带电 ABG 正则黑洞的超辐射不稳定性，发现带电大质量标量场可形成指数增长的准束缚态，并估计最多约 20% 黑洞质量可转移至标量场，推测黑洞最终会带有带电标量毛。
Recent numerical relativity simulations within the Einstein--Maxwell--(charged-)Klein-Gordon (EMcKG) system have shown that the non-linear evolution of a superradiantly unstable Reissner-Nordström black hole (BH) enclosed in a cavity, leads to the formation of a BH with scalar hair. Perturbative evidence for the stability of such hairy BHs has been independently established, confirming they are the true endpoints of the superradiant instability. The same EMcKG system admits also charged scalar soliton-type solutions, which can be either stable or unstable. Using numerical relativity techniques…
We investigate the absorption of a massive and charged scalar field in a Reissner-Nordström background. We compare our numerical results for the absorption cross section, obtained for arbitrary frequencies, with the low- and high-frequency limits. We find, in particular, that the total absorption cross section can be negative, showing that planar scalar waves can be superradiantly amplified by black holes.
In this article, we study the superradiance of charged scalar fields on the sub-extremal Reissner-Nordstrom metric, a mechanism by which such fields can extract energy from a static spherically symmetric charged black hole. A geometrical way of measuring the amount of energy extracted is proposed. Then we investigate the question numerically. The toy-model and the numerical methods used in our simulations are presented and the problem of long time measurement of the outgoing energy flux is discussed. We provide a numerical example of a field exhibiting a behaviour analogous to the Penrose proc…
This study revisits the absorption and scattering process by which a massless scalar field impinges on a charged dilatonic black hole. First, we review the classical analysis to obtain the deflection angle and the differential scattering cross-section. Then, using the partial wave method, we determine the total absorption cross-section numerically in terms of the decoupling parameter called $Mω$, finding that the amplitude of the dilatonic black hole is lower than the Reissner-Nordström one for mild frequencies. In the high-frequency limit, the absorption cross-section exhibits two different c…
Photon ring bounds of scalar hairy charged black holes
研究Einstein-Maxwell-共形耦合标量理论下三类标量毛带电黑洞的光子环，发现它们均满足下界$r_γ\ge 1.2 r_+$，并基于阴影半径确定了观测有利区域。
Scattering and absorption of a charged massive scalar field by a Reissner-Nordström black hole surrounded by perfect fluid dark matter
研究带电质量粒子撞击由完美流体暗物质（PFDM）包围的Reissner-Nordström（RN）黑洞时的散射，通过匹配方法在低频极限下近似得到吸收截面，并在高频极限下推导出弱场偏转角的二次项。数值结果与经典近似和荣耀散射一致，分析了暗物质、粒子电荷和质量对散射和吸收的影响。结果表明，随着暗物质参数λ增加，黑洞的吸收截面被强烈抑制，其高频极限仅依赖于黑洞电荷Q和λ。在超辐射极限下，PFDM黑洞的放大因子远大于RN黑洞。最后讨论了吸收截面在ω/m→1时的行为以及小散射角下的散射截面行为。
We consider the definition of the Boulware and Hartle-Hawking states for quantum fields on black hole space-times. The properties of these states on a Schwarzschild black hole have been understood for many years, but neither of these states has a direct analogue on a Kerr black hole. We show how superradiant modes play an important role in the definition of quantum states on Kerr. Superradiance is also present on static black hole space-times, in particular for a charged scalar field on a Reissner-Nordstrom black hole. We explore whether analogues of the Boulware and Hartle-Hawking states exis…
Nonlinear self-interaction induced black hole bomb
本研究在广义相对论有质量荷电标量场中引入非线性自相互作用，发现两种触发黑洞炸弹的全新机制，突破了超辐射不稳定性的传统认知，为黑洞能量爆发及天体物理黑洞相关新现象研究提供了新方向。
We study the dynamics of unstable Reissner-Nordström anti-de Sitter black holes under charged scalar field perturbations in spherical symmetry. We unravel their general behavior and approach to the final equlibrium state. In the first part of this work, we present a numerical analysis of massive charged scalar field quasinormal modes. We identify the known mode families - superradiant modes, zero-damped modes, AdS modes, and the near-horizon mode - and we track their migration under variation of the black hole and field parameters. We show that the zero-damped modes become superradiantly unsta…
A charged scalar field impinging upon a charged Reissner-Nordstrom black hole can be amplified as it scatters off the hole, a phenomenon known as superradiant scattering. This scattering process in the superradiant regime w<qQ/r_+ (here w, q, Q, and r_{+-} are the conserved frequency of the wave, the charge coupling constant of the field, the electric charge of the black hole, and the horizon radii of the black hole, respectively) results in the extraction of Coulomb energy and electric charge from the charged black hole. The black-hole-field system can be made unstable by placing a reflecting…
Quantum effects of charged massive scalar fields on charged black hole space-times
该研究计算Reissner-Nordstrom黑洞上有质量带电量子标量场的相关重整化期望值，采用不同方案处理不同量子态，通过高效数值方法探索含近极端黑洞电荷等的参数空间，揭示带电有质量标量场对带电黑洞时空的量子效应。
Reducing the irreducible: the charged black hole bomb in a moving cavity
本文数值模拟运动镜面腔中带电黑洞炸弹，发现扩腔增强超辐射并增加不可减少质量，而缩腔可在不违反守恒律和能量条件下减少该质量。
A new type of charged black hole bomb
该研究提出了一种新的带电黑洞炸弹构造，通过将场置于镜面之外，防止其落入黑洞但允许其逃逸至无穷远，从而在Reissner-Nordstrom和de Sitter-Reissner-Nordstrom背景中观察到线性不稳定性。
We find the phase diagram of solutions of the charged black hole bomb system. In particular, we find the static hairy black holes of Einstein-Maxwell-Scalar theory confined in a Minkowski box. We impose boundary conditions such that the scalar field vanishes at and outside a cavity of constant radius. These hairy black holes are asymptotically flat with a scalar condensate floating above the horizon. We identify four critical scalar charges which mark significant changes in the qualitative features of the phase diagram. When they coexist, hairy black holes always have higher entropy than the R…
We study the canonical quantization of a massless charged scalar field on a Reissner-Nordstrom black hole background. Our aim is to construct analogues of the standard Boulware, Unruh and Hartle-Hawking quantum states which can be defined for a neutral scalar field, and to explore their physical properties by computing differences in expectation values of the scalar field condensate, current and stress-energy tensor operators between two quantum states. Each of these three states has a non-time-reversal-invariant ``past'' and ``future'' charged field generalization, whose properties are simila…
The $C$-metric is a boost-symmetric spacetime solution to the vacuum Einstein field equations which describes black holes that are uniformly accelerated under the tension of a cosmic string. Only recently the thermodynamics of accelerating black holes and their modal stability against neutral scalar perturbations were concisely established. The generalization of accelerating black holes to incorporate an electric charge, namely the charged $C$-metric, possess three distinct families of quasinormal mode frequencies; the complex photon surface quasinormal modes associated with unstable null part…
Action, entropy and pair creation rate of charged black holes in de Sitter space
本文计算并阐明了德西特空间中雷斯纳-诺德斯特龙黑洞壳上欧几里得作用量的解释，得出其为黑洞与宇宙学视界熵之和的负值，进而估算了任意质量电荷黑洞对产生概率，并揭示了带电德西特黑洞的衰变机制。
Hairless Black Hole by Superradiance
本文研究带电标量场在Reissner-Nordström黑洞背景下的标量化与超辐射相互作用，发现“快子超辐射”使标量凝聚体完全耗尽，黑洞无法形成有毛态，并提出计算各通道能量转移的通量公式。
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