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arXiv 1906.08217astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phhep-th
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用热历史和原始黑洞解释宇宙难题

Cosmic Conundra Explained by Thermal History and Primordial Black Holes

Bernard Carr, Sebastien Clesse, Juan Garcia-Bellido, Florian Kuhnel

备注：
v4: changes to match final version; the model proposed in this work predicted GW190425, GW190814 and GW190521
发表信息：
Phys. Dark Universe 31 (2021) 100755
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摘要：

一个普遍的机制可能是几个未解决的宇宙难题的原因。相对论性物质在$W^{\pm}/Z^{0}$退耦、夸克-强子跃迁和$e^{+}e^{-}$湮灭时压力的突然下降增加了早期宇宙中原初黑洞（PBH）形成的概率。假设原始曲率波动的幅度近似于尺度不变，这意味着多模态PBH质谱在$10^{-6}$、1、30和$10^{6}\,M_{\odot}$处具有峰。这表明了一个统一的PBH方案，自然解释了暗物质和最近的微透镜观测，LIGO/室女座黑洞合并，在宇宙红外和X射线背景的相关性，以及在高红移星系核中的超大质量黑洞的起源。我们的模型的一个独特的预测是，LIGO/Virgo应该在2和$5\,M_{\odot}$之间的质量间隙（预计没有恒星残留物）和$65\,M_{\odot}$以上（发生对不稳定超新星）以及两者之间的低质量比中观察到黑洞合并。因此，最近对具有这些特征的事件GW 190425，GW 190814和GW 190521的探测是对我们预测的惊人证实，并可能表明黑洞的原始起源。在这种情况下，PBH丰度对状态方程的指数灵敏度将提供QCD相变的独特探针。PBH的探测还将提供一种新的方法来探测能量在$1\,{\rm MeV}$和$10^{10}\,$ GeV之间的新粒子或相变的存在。

英文摘要：

A universal mechanism may be responsible for several unresolved cosmic conundra. The sudden drop in the pressure of relativistic matter at $W^{\pm}/Z^{0}$ decoupling, the quark--hadron transition and $e^{+}e^{-}$ annihilation enhances the probability of primordial black hole (PBH) formation in the early Universe. Assuming the amplitude of the primordial curvature fluctuations is approximately scale-invariant, this implies a multi-modal PBH mass spectrum with peaks at $10^{-6}$, 1, 30, and $10^{6}\,M_{\odot}$. This suggests a unified PBH scenario which naturally explains the dark matter and recent microlensing observations, the LIGO/Virgo black hole mergers, the correlations in the cosmic infrared and X-ray backgrounds, and the origin of the supermassive black holes in galactic nuclei at high redshift. A distinctive prediction of our model is that LIGO/Virgo should observe black hole mergers in the mass gaps between 2 and $5\,M_{\odot}$ (where no stellar remnants are expected) and above $65\,M_{\odot}$ (where pair-instability supernovae occur) and low-mass-ratios in between. Therefore the recent detection of events GW190425, GW190814 and GW190521 with these features is striking confirmation of our prediction and may indicate a primordial origin for the black holes. In this case, the exponential sensitivity of the PBH abundance to the equation of state would offer a unique probe of the QCD phase transition. The detection of PBHs would also offer a novel way to probe the existence of new particles or phase transitions with energy between $1\,{\rm MeV}$ and $10^{10}\,$GeV.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。

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