暖水凝物尾流中的冰成核
Ice nucleation in the wake of warm hydrometeors
摘要：
混合相云中冰的形成对地球的水文循环有很大的影响。在中纬度地区，降水的强度、分布和频率以及云的辐射特性都受到冰粒数浓度的强烈影响。在混合相云中一个长期存在的谜团是经常观测到的测量的冰颗粒浓度比测量的冰成核颗粒浓度高几个数量级。在这里，我们报告了实验室观测到的大量云滴和冰晶形成的温暖，下降的水滴。气溶胶被激活的瞬态区域非常高的过饱和度，由于蒸发混合的尾流。我们将这些结果推广到典型的混合相大气条件下，我们的计算表明，诱导蒸发过饱和可以显着提高粒子尾流中的活化冰核浓度。
英文摘要：
The formation of ice in mixed phase clouds greatly impacts Earths hydrologic cycle. The intensity, distribution and frequency of precipitation as well as radiative properties of clouds in the mid latitudes are strongly influenced by the number concentration of ice particles. A long standing riddle in mixed phase clouds is the frequent observation of measured ice particle concentrations several orders of magnitude higher than measured ice nucleating particle concentrations. Here, we report laboratory observations of copious cloud droplets and ice crystals formed in the wake of a warm, falling water drop. Aerosols were activated in the transient regions of very high supersaturation due to evaporative mixing in the wake. We extend these results to typical mixed phase atmospheric conditions, and our calculations show that the induced evaporative supersaturation may significantly enhance the activated ice nuclei concentration in the particles wake.
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