解析延拓的修正Pade方法：零能隙Kondo晶格模型的应用
Modified Pade approach for analytic continuation: Application to the zero-gap Kondo lattice model
摘要：
提出了一种改进的Pade方法，作为计算虚时间内关联函数的数值方法的解析延拓。而不是直接的解析延续的关联函数，帕德方法适用于自能，然后用于推导格林函数在实能量。我们发现，这种修改后的，自能Pade方法是更稳定和强大的统计误差相比，直接的方式。通过对非相互作用Anderson晶格和哈伯德模型的实例计算，分析了改进Pade方法的特点和成功之处。我们还研究了一个零能隙的近藤晶格模型，在费米能级处的导电电子态密度线性消失，其中我们使用修改的Pade方法作为解析延拓。我们研究了近藤绝缘态的性质，包括绝缘带隙对近藤耦合和相干效应的依赖性。此外，我们确定了两个能量尺度的动力学和热力学量，这是相关的带杂交图片中的直接和间接的差距。
英文摘要：
A modified Pade approach is presented as analytic continuation for numerical methods that evaluate correlation functions in imaginary time. Instead of the direct analytic continuation of the correlation functions, the Pade method is applied for the self-energy that is then used for deriving the Green's functions at real energies. We find that this modified, self-energy Pade approach is more stable and robust against statistical errors compared to the direct way. The characteristics and success of the modified Pade approach are analyzed by actual calculations for the illustrative cases of the non-interacting Anderson lattice and Hubbard model. A zero-gap Kondo lattice model with linearly vanishing conduction electron density of states at the Fermi level is also studied, where we use the modified Pade approach as analytic continuation. We investigate the properties of the Kondo insulating state including the dependence of the insulating gap on the Kondo coupling and coherence effects. Furthermore, we identify two energy scales from dynamic and thermodynamic quantities, that are associated as a direct and an indirect gap in a band hybridization picture.
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