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arXiv 1906.04872quant-phcond-mat.stat-mech
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长程横场伊辛模型中的量子基布尔-祖雷克物理

Quantum Kibble-Zurek physics in long-range transverse-field Ising models

Ricardo Puebla, Oliver Marty, Martin B. Plenio

摘要:

我们分析了在一维横场伊辛模型中发生的量子相变,该模型具有随距离代数衰减的长程耦合。我们感兴趣的Kibble-Zurek通用标度律出现在非平衡动力学和在一个现实的实验装置的基础上捕获离子的这种行为的明确观察的潜力。为此,我们确定了该模型的相图和临界指数表征其量子相变的密度矩阵重整化群计算和有限尺寸标度理论,这使我们能够得到很好的估计不同范围的铁磁和反铁磁相互作用。除了临界平衡性质,我们解决了一个非平衡的情况下,量子Kibble-Zurek标度律可能会被检索。在这里,它被发现,预测的非平衡普遍的行为,即作为淬火速率和临界指数的函数的标度律,可以观察到在系统中,包括实验上可行的自旋数。最后,介绍了一种利用囚禁离子的数字量子模拟精确模拟代数衰减耦合的方案。我们的研究结果表明,量子Kibble-Zurek物理可以探索和观察在国家的最先进的实验与捕获的离子实现远程伊辛模型。

英文摘要:

We analyze the quantum phase transitions taking place in a one-dimensional transverse field Ising model with long-range couplings that decay algebraically with distance. We are interested in the Kibble-Zurek universal scaling laws emerging in non-equilibrium dynamics and in the potential for the unambiguous observation of such behavior in a realistic experimental setup based on trapped ions. To this end, we determine the phase diagram of the model and the critical exponents characterizing its quantum phase transitions by means of density-matrix renormalization group calculations and finite-size scaling theory, which allows us to obtain good estimates for different range of ferro- and antiferromagnetic interactions. Beyond critical equilibrium properties, we tackle a non-equilibrium scenario in which quantum Kibble-Zurek scaling laws may be retrieved. Here it is found that the predicted non-equilibrium universal behavior, i.e. the scaling laws as a function of the quench rate and critical exponents, can be observed in systems comprising an experimentally feasible number of spins. Finally, a scheme is introduced to simulate the algebraically decaying couplings accurately by means of a digital quantum simulation with trapped ions. Our results suggest that quantum Kibble-Zurek physics can be explored and observed in state-of-the-art experiments with trapped ions realizing long-range Ising models.

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