Hard-state accretion disk winds from black holes: the revealing case of MAXI J1820+070
T. Muñoz-Darias, F. Jiménez-Ibarra, G. Panizo-Espinar, J. Casares, D. Mata Sánchez, G. Ponti, R. P. Fender, D. A. H. Buckley, P. Garnavich, M. A. P. Torres, M. … 展开作者
T. Muñoz-Darias, F. Jiménez-Ibarra, G. Panizo-Espinar, J. Casares, D. Mata Sánchez, G. Ponti, R. P. Fender, D. A. H. Buckley, P. Garnavich, M. A. P. Torres, M. Armas Padilla, P. A. Charles, J. M. Corral-Santana, J. J. E. Kajava, E. J. Kotze, C. Littlefield, J. Sánchez-Sierras, D. Steeghs, J. Thomas
We report on a detailed optical spectroscopic follow-up of the black hole transient MAXI J1820+070 (ASASSN-18ey). The observations cover the main part of the X-ray binary outburst, when the source alternated between hard and soft states following the classical pattern widely seen in other systems. We focus the analysis on the He I emission lines at 5876 and 6678 Angs, as well as on Halpha. We detect clear accretion disk wind features (P-Cyg profiles and broad emission line wings) in the hard state, both during outburst rise and decay. These are not witnessed during the several months long soft state. However, our data suggest that the visibility of the outflow might be significantly affected by the ionisation state of the accretion disk. The terminal velocity of the wind is above ~ 1200 km/s, which is similar to outflow velocities derived from (hard-state) optical winds and (soft-state) X-ray winds in other systems. The wind signatures, in particular the P-Cyg profiles, are very shallow, and their detection has only been possible thanks to a combination of source brightness and intense monitoring at very high signal-to-noise. This study indicates that cold, optical winds are most likely a common feature of black hole accretion, and therefore, that wind-like outflows are a general mechanism of mass and angular momentum removal operating throughout the entire X-ray binary outburst.
High Resolution X-ray Spectroscopy of the Seyfert 1, Mrk 1040. Revealing the Failed Nuclear Wind with Chandra
本文报道了邻近的X射线明亮的Seyfert 1星系Mrk 1040中暖吸收体的高分辨X射线能谱。这些观测是在2013-2014年的时间框架内使用Chandra高能透射光栅进行的，总曝光量为200 ks。大量的吸收线从Ne，Mg和Si的检测从各种各样的电离状态。特别是，从Ne，Mg和Si的内K-壳层吸收线的检测，从F-样到Li-样离子的电荷状态，表明存在大量的低电离吸收气体，由陡峭的软X射线连续体照射。观测结果表明至少有3个热吸收组分，电离参数在$\logξ= 0-2$范围内，柱密度为$N_{\rm H} =1.5-4.0 \times 10^{21}$ cm $^{-2}$。速度剖面表明，吸收气体的流出速度很低，在Mrk 1040系统速度的$\pm100$ km s $^{-1}$范围内，这表明任何流出的气体都可能在足够大的尺度上停滞在这个活动星系核中。温暖的吸收体很可能位于远离黑洞的地方，在原子核的300 pc范围内，并且在空间上与HST图像中看到的扩展窄线区域的发射相一致。铁K带光谱仅显示窄的发射线，6.4 keV处的Fe K $α$与康普顿厚pc级后处理气体的反射一致。
Revealing the Origin and Cosmic Evolution of Supermassive Black Holes
下一代电磁波和引力波天文台将为第一批超大质量黑洞的诞生打开前所未有的窗口。这有可能揭示它们在前十亿年的起源和成长，以及它们在本地宇宙中形成历史的特征。考虑到这一点，我们概述了三个关键的重点领域，将塑造研究在未来十年及以后：（1）什么是“种子”的第一类星体;如何达到10亿太阳质量之前，z $\sim7$？(2)黑洞的成长如何随宇宙时间而改变，黑洞的早期成长如何塑造它们的宿主星系？我们能从今天的中等质量黑洞和矮星系中学到什么？(3)我们能否在广义相对论的背景下解开黑洞吸积的物理学，理解流入和流出（喷流和风）？使用这些见解在恒星和超大质量黑洞之间进行缩放是否有效，即，黑洞吸积真尺度不变吗？在下文中，我们确定了加拿大天文学界在解决这些问题方面发挥主导作用的机会，特别是通过利用我们在事件视界望远镜、{ \it James Webb太空望远镜}（JWST）、欧几里得、莫纳克亚光谱探测器（MSE）、30米望远镜（TMT）、平方公里阵列（SKA）、用于光学和紫外线研究的宇宙学高级巡天望远镜（CASTOR）等。我们还讨论了与未来天基引力波（LISA）和X射线（例如，雅典娜，山猫）天文台，以及与恒星和星系演化社区合作的必要性，以建立一个完整的图片的诞生超大质量黑洞，他们的成长和他们的影响，在宇宙的历史。
