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arXiv 1906.04253astro-ph.EPphysics.geo-ph
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行星大小分布的生长模型解释

Growth Model Interpretation of Planet Size Distribution

Li Zeng, Stein B. Jacobsen, Dimitar D. Sasselov, Michail I. Petaev, Andrew Vanderburg, Mercedes Lopez-Morales, Juan Perez-Mercader, Thomas R. Mattsson, Gongjie … 展开作者

Li Zeng, Stein B. Jacobsen, Dimitar D. Sasselov, Michail I. Petaev, Andrew Vanderburg, Mercedes Lopez-Morales, Juan Perez-Mercader, Thomas R. Mattsson, Gongjie Li, Matthew Z. Heising, Aldo S. Bonomo, Mario Damasso, Travis A. Berger, Hao Cao, Amit Levi, Robin D. Wordsworth

摘要:

开普勒任务精确测量了4000多颗已确认/候选系外行星的半径和轨道周期。半径呈双峰分布,两个峰值分别对应较小的行星(可能是岩石)和较大的中等大小的行星。虽然只有围绕最亮恒星运行的行星的质量可以通过地面光谱观测确定,但这些观测允许计算它们的平均密度,从而限制了它们的整体组成和内部结构。然而,一个重要的问题,关于行星的组成范围从2到4地球半径仍然存在。它们可能有一个被H2-He气体包裹的岩石核心(气体矮星),或者包含大量的多组分,以H2O为主的冰/流体(水世界)。质量在10-15个地球质量范围内的行星,如果是半冰半岩的质量,其半径为2.5个地球半径,这正好符合系外行星半径双峰分布的第二个峰值。任何在2-4地球半径范围内的行星都需要一个最多几个质量百分比的气体外壳,无论核心成分如何。为了解决内部成分的模糊性,我们使用的增长模型和进行蒙特卡罗模拟,以证明许多中等大小的行星是水的世界。

英文摘要:

The radii and orbital periods of 4000+ confirmed/candidate exoplanets have been precisely measured by the Kepler mission. The radii show a bimodal distribution, with two peaks corresponding to smaller planets (likely rocky) and larger intermediate-size planets, respectively. While only the masses of the planets orbiting the brightest stars can be determined by ground-based spectroscopic observations, these observations allow calculation of their average densities placing constraints on the bulk compositions and internal structures. Yet an important question about the composition of planets ranging from 2 to 4 Earth radii still remains. They may either have a rocky core enveloped in a H2-He gaseous envelope (gas dwarfs) or contain a significant amount of multi-component, H2O-dominated ices/fluids (water worlds). Planets in the mass range of 10-15 Earth masses, if half-ice and half-rock by mass, have radii of 2.5 Earth radii, which exactly match the second peak of the exoplanet radius bimodal distribution. Any planet in the 2-4 Earth radii range requires a gas envelope of at most a few mass percentage points, regardless of the core composition. To resolve the ambiguity of internal compositions, we use a growth model and conduct Monte Carlo simulations to demonstrate that many intermediate-size planets are water worlds.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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