自然性作为基础物理学中合理的科学原则
Naturalness as a reasonable scientific principle in fundamental physics
摘要：
我的目的是澄清自然的物理内容和意义。物理学家对自然性的最早理解，作为尺度自治（AoS）的要求，提供了自然性的最有说服力的定义，我将断言：i）这提供了一个统一的概念，它支撑了无数突出的自然性条件，ii）这是强加给EFT的合理标准，iii）当坚持这种自然性概念时，自然性的成功和违反得到了最好的理解。我认为，这一原则既不是一个美学原则，也不是一个社会学影响的原则。我认为，只有当自然性的形式度量及其在物理学界的使用与自然性的中心教条混为一谈时，自然性才可能被合理地认为是一种美学/社会学原则--前者确实可能被认为是受社会学影响的，而且有些武断--但这些自然性的形式度量实际上不如AoS自然性成功。我提出的论点，为什么AoS的自然性是定义良好的，为什么它是合理的物理学家赞同这一自然性原则的理论和经验的理由。到目前为止，还没有令人信服的理由来说明为什么自然法则应该一般地解耦成准自治的物理领域。在量子领域中尺度的解耦常常被认为是解耦定理（Cao和Schweber（1993））的必然结果，但我将证明这个定理太弱，不能保证量子场论中的准自治物理域，因为我们还应该附加参数是自然的。自然性的违背将具有本体论意义--非自然的参数将不能被EFT精确描述，而是被表现出某种UV/IR相互作用的场论描述。
英文摘要：
I aim to clarify the physical content and significance of naturalness. Physicists' earliest understanding of naturalness, as an autonomy of scales (AoS) requirement provides the most cogent definition of naturalness and I will assert that i) this provides a uniform notion which undergirds a myriad prominent naturalness conditions, ii) this is a reasonable criterion to impose on EFTs and iii) the successes and violations of naturalness are best understood when adhering to this notion of naturalness. I argue that this principle is neither an aesthetic nor a sociologically-influenced principle. I contend that naturalness may only be plausibly argued to be an aesthetic/sociological principle when formal measures of naturalness and their use in physics communities are conflated with the central dogma of naturalness - the former may indeed be argued to be sociologically-influenced and somewhat arbitrary - but these formal measures of naturalness are in fact less successful than AoS naturalness. I put forward arguments as to why AoS naturalness is well-defined and why it was reasonable for physicists to endorse this naturalness principle on both theoretical and empirical grounds. Up to date, no compelling reasons have appeared as to why the laws of nature should generically decoupling into quasi-autonomous physical domains. A decoupling of scales in the quantum realm is often claimed to be entailed by the Decoupling Theorem (Cao and Schweber (1993)), yet I will show that this theorem is too weak to underwrite quasi-autonomous physical domains in quantum field theories because one should additionally impose that parameters be natural. Violations of naturalness would then have ontological import - unnatural parameters would not be accurately described by EFTs but rather by field theories exhibiting some kind of UV/IR interplay.
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