闪电从起始事件到初始击穿脉冲的发生发展机制（二）
The Mechanism of the Origin and Development of Lightning from Initiating Event to Initial Breakdown Pulses (v.2)
摘要：
本文根据近年来的实验结果，定性地描述了一种可能的机制（简称“机制”），它涵盖了闪电引发的主要阶段，即从引发事件之前开始，包括引发事件，然后是初始电场变化（IEC），然后是最初的几个初始击穿脉冲（IBP）。该机制假设，在平均电场E>0.3 MV/（m atm）的约1 km 3区域内发生引发，由于湍流，该区域包含大量10^-4-10^-3 m3的小“Eth-volumes”，其中E>3 MV/（m atm）。该机制允许由两种观察到的事件中的任一种引发闪电：高功率VHF事件，如窄双极事件，或弱VHF事件。根据该机制，这两种类型的引发事件都是由一组相对论性逃逸电子雪崩粒子（其中初始电子是广泛的空气簇射的次级粒子）穿过许多Eth-volumes引起的，从而导致几乎同时发射许多正流光闪光。由于电离加热的不稳定性，不寻常的等离子体形成（UPFs）出现沿拖缆的拖缆的轨迹。这些UPFs在IEC期间组合成热等离子体通道的三维（3D）网络，导致其观察到的弱电流。然后，热等离子体通道的这些3D网络中的两个（或更多个）的后续发展和组合引起第一IBP。当热等离子体通道的另一个3D网络与由先前的IBP引起的网络链结合时，引起每个后续的IBP。
英文摘要：
Based on experimental results of recent years, this article presents a qualitative description of a possible mechanism (termed the Mechanism) covering the main stages of lightning initiation, starting before and including the initiating event, followed by the initial electric field change (IEC), followed by the first few initial breakdown pulses (IBPs). The Mechanism assumes initiation occurs in a region of ~1 km3 with average electric field E>0.3 MV/(m atm), which contains, because of turbulence, numerous small 'Eth-volumes' of 10^-4-10^-3 m3 with E>3 MV/(m atm). The Mechanism allows for lightning initiation by either of two observed types of events: a high power VHF event such as a Narrow Bipolar Event, or a weak VHF event. According to the Mechanism, both types of initiating events are caused by a group of relativistic runaway electron avalanche particles (where the initial electrons are secondary particles of an extensive air shower) passing through many Eth-volumes, thereby causing the nearly simultaneous launching of many positive streamer flashes. Due to ionization-heating instability, unusual plasma formations (UPFs) appear along the streamers' trajectories of the streamers. These UPFs combine into three-dimensional (3D) networks of hot plasma channels during the IEC, resulting in its observed weak current flow. The subsequent development and combination of two (or more) of these 3D networks of hot plasma channels then causes the first IBP. Each subsequent IBP is caused when another 3D network of hot plasma channels combines with the chain of networks caused by earlier IBPs.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
