水凝物电晕发射的模式研究
A model study of corona emission from hydrometeors
摘要：
测得的雷暴云中的最大电场比空气电击穿所需的电场小一个数量级。在这些低场的闪电引发的一个解释是，电击穿首先发生在雨滴的表面，由于水滴的几何形状，周围的场非常局部地增强。实验室实验[Crabb & Latham，1974]表明，碰撞的雨滴结合形成细长的水丝，可以在接近雷暴云测量的环境场中产生正电晕。我们计算了一个模拟的聚结液滴对周围的电场分布，并使用一个数值模型来详细研究正电晕机制。我们的结果与实验室观测结果吻合得很好。在观测到闪电起始的高度（因此是低压），我们的研究结果表明，正电晕可以发生在观测到的云内电场。
英文摘要：
The maximum measured electric fields in thunderclouds are an order of magnitude less than the fields required for electric breakdown of the air. One explanation for lightning initiation in these low fields is that electric breakdown first occurs at the surfaces of raindrops where the ambient field is enhanced very locally due to the drop geometry. Laboratory experiments [Crabb & Latham, 1974] indicate that colliding raindrops which coalesce to form elongated water filaments can produce positive corona in ambient fields close to those measured in thunderclouds. We calculate the E-field distribution around a simulated coalesced drop pair and use a numerical model to study the positive corona mechanisms in detail. Our results give good agreement with the laboratory observations. At the altitudes (and thus low pressures) at which lightning initiation is observed, our results show that positive corona can occur at observed in-cloud E-fields.
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