Heterogeneous information network (HIN) embedding aims to embed multiple types of nodes into a low-dimensional space. Although most existing HIN embedding methods consider heterogeneous relations in HINs, they usually employ one single model for all relations without distinction, which inevitably restricts the capability of network embedding. In this paper, we take the structural characteristics of heterogeneous relations into consideration and propose a novel Relation structure-aware Heterogeneous Information Network Embedding model (RHINE). By exploring the real-world networks with thorough mathematical analysis, we present two structure-related measures which can consistently distinguish heterogeneous relations into two categories: Affiliation Relations (ARs) and Interaction Relations (IRs). To respect the distinctive characteristics of relations, in our RHINE, we propose different models specifically tailored to handle ARs and IRs, which can better capture the structures and semantics of the networks. At last, we combine and optimize these models in a unified and elegant manner. Extensive experiments on three real-world datasets demonstrate that our model significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in various tasks, including node clustering, link prediction, and node classification.
Network embedding is an effective way to solve the network analytics problems such as node classification, link prediction, etc. It represents network elements using low dimensional vectors such that the graph structural information and properties are maximumly preserved. Many prior works focused on embeddings for networks with the same type of edges or vertices, while some works tried to generate embeddings for heterogeneous network using mechanisms like specially designed meta paths. In this paper, we propose two novel algorithms, GHINE (General Heterogeneous Information Network Embedding) a…
Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data and Brain Computing（北京大数据与脑计算高级创新中心）；Beihang University（北京航空航天大学）；HKUST（香港科技大学）；UIUC（伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校）
Heterogeneous information network (HIN) embedding has gained increasing interests recently. However, the current way of random-walk based HIN embedding methods have paid few attention to the higher-order Markov chain nature of meta-path guided random walks, especially to the stationarity issue. In this paper, we systematically formalize the meta-path guided random walk as a higher-order Markov chain process, and present a heterogeneous personalized spacey random walk to efficiently and effectively attain the expected stationary distribution among nodes. Then we propose a generalized scalable f…
Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications（北京邮电大学）；Case Western Reserve University（凯斯西储大学）；University of Illinois at Chicago（伊利诺伊大学芝加哥分校）；Tsinghua University（清华大学）
Heterogeneous graphs (HGs) also known as heterogeneous information networks have become ubiquitous in real-world scenarios; therefore, HG embedding, which aims to learn representations in a lower-dimension space while preserving the heterogeneous structures and semantics for downstream tasks (e.g., node/graph classification, node clustering, link prediction), has drawn considerable attentions in recent years. In this survey, we perform a comprehensive review of the recent development on HG embedding methods and techniques. We first introduce the basic concepts of HG and discuss the unique chal…
A large number of real-world graphs or networks are inherently heterogeneous, involving a diversity of node types and relation types. Heterogeneous graph embedding is to embed rich structural and semantic information of a heterogeneous graph into low-dimensional node representations. Existing models usually define multiple metapaths in a heterogeneous graph to capture the composite relations and guide neighbor selection. However, these models either omit node content features, discard intermediate nodes along the metapath, or only consider one metapath. To address these three limitations, we p…
Heterogeneous information network (HIN) embedding has recently attracted much attention due to its effectiveness in dealing with the complex heterogeneous data. Meta path, which connects different object types with various semantic meanings, is widely used by existing HIN embedding works. However, several challenges have not been addressed so far. First, different meta paths convey different semantic meanings, while existing works assume that all nodes share same weights for meta paths and ignore the personalized preferences of different nodes on different meta paths. Second, given a meta path…
Pohang University of Science and Technology（浦项科技大学）；University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign（伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校）
The goal of network embedding is to transform nodes in a network to a low-dimensional embedding vectors. Recently, heterogeneous network has shown to be effective in representing diverse information in data. However, heterogeneous network embedding suffers from the imbalance issue, i.e. the size of relation types (or the number of edges in the network regarding the type) is imbalanced. In this paper, we devise a new heterogeneous network embedding method, called BHIN2vec, which considers the balance among all relation types in a network. We view the heterogeneous network embedding as simultane…
Southwest University（西南大学）；Alibaba Group（阿里巴巴集团）；George Mason University（乔治梅森大学）；King Abdullah University of Science and Technology（阿卜杜拉国王科技大学）
Heterogeneous network embedding (HNE) is a challenging task due to the diverse node types and/or diverse relationships between nodes. Existing HNE methods are typically unsupervised. To maximize the profit of utilizing the rare and valuable supervised information in HNEs, we develop a novel Active Heterogeneous Network Embedding (ActiveHNE) framework, which includes two components: Discriminative Heterogeneous Network Embedding (DHNE) and Active Query in Heterogeneous Networks (AQHN). In DHNE, we introduce a novel semi-supervised heterogeneous network embedding method based on graph convolutio…
Sun Yat-sen University（中山大学）；Microsoft Research Asia（微软亚洲研究院）
Many real-world graphs (networks) are heterogeneous with different types of nodes and edges. Heterogeneous graph embedding, aiming at learning the low-dimensional node representations of a heterogeneous graph, is vital for various downstream applications. Many meta-path based embedding methods have been proposed to learn the semantic information of heterogeneous graphs in recent years. However, most of the existing techniques overlook the graph structure information when learning the heterogeneous graph embeddings. This paper proposes a novel Structure-Aware Heterogeneous Graph Neural Network …
University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign（伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校）
Classification is one of the most important problems in machine learning. To address label scarcity, semi-supervised learning (SSL) has been intensively studied over the past two decades, which mainly leverages data affinity modeled by networks. Label propagation (LP), however, as the most popular SSL technique, mostly only works on homogeneous networks with single-typed simple interactions. In this work, we focus on the more general and powerful heterogeneous networks, which accommodate multi-typed objects and links, and thus endure multi-typed complex interactions. Specifically, we propose \…
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign（伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校）；Facebook Inc.（脸书公司）；U.S. Army Research Laboratory（美国陆军研究实验室）
Heterogeneous information networks (HINs) are ubiquitous in real-world applications. Due to the heterogeneity in HINs, the typed edges may not fully align with each other. In order to capture the semantic subtlety, we propose the concept of aspects with each aspect being a unit representing one underlying semantic facet. Meanwhile, network embedding has emerged as a powerful method for learning network representation, where the learned embedding can be used as features in various downstream applications. Therefore, we are motivated to propose a novel embedding learning framework---AspEm---to p…
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign（伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校）；Google Research（谷歌研究院）；Army Research Laboratory（陆军研究实验室）
Most real-world data can be modeled as heterogeneous information networks (HINs) consisting of vertices of multiple types and their relationships. Search for similar vertices of the same type in large HINs, such as bibliographic networks and business-review networks, is a fundamental problem with broad applications. Although similarity search in HINs has been studied previously, most existing approaches neither explore rich semantic information embedded in the network structures nor take user's preference as a guidance. In this paper, we re-examine similarity search in HINs and propose a novel…
Beihang University（北京航空航天大学）；the University of Tennessee, Knoxville（田纳西大学诺克斯维尔分校）；Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou)（香港科技大学（广州））；Hong Kong University of Science and Technology（香港科技大学）
Representation learning on heterogeneous graphs aims to obtain meaningful node representations to facilitate various downstream tasks, such as node classification and link prediction. Existing heterogeneous graph learning methods are primarily developed by following the propagation mechanism of node representations. There are few efforts on studying the role of relations for improving the learning of more fine-grained node representations. Indeed, it is important to collaboratively learn the semantic representations of relations and discern node representations with respect to different relati…
Sampling a network is an important prerequisite for unsupervised network embedding. Further, random walk has widely been used for sampling in previous studies. Since random walk based sampling tends to traverse adjacent neighbors, it may not be suitable for heterogeneous network because in heterogeneous networks two adjacent nodes often belong to different types. Therefore, this paper proposes a K-hop random walk based sampling approach which includes a node in the sample list only if it is separated by K hops from the source node. We exploit the samples generated using K-hop random walker for…
Most existing Heterogeneous Information Network (HIN) embedding methods focus on static environments while neglecting the evolving characteristic of realworld networks. Although several dynamic embedding methods have been proposed, they are merely designed for homogeneous networks and cannot be directly applied in heterogeneous environment. To tackle above challenges, we propose a novel framework for incorporating temporal information into HIN embedding, denoted as Multi-View Dynamic HIN Embedding (MDHNE), which can efficiently preserve evolution patterns of implicit relationships from differe…
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign（伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校）
Heterogeneous information networks (HINs) are ubiquitous in real-world applications. In the meantime, network embedding has emerged as a convenient tool to mine and learn from networked data. As a result, it is of interest to develop HIN embedding methods. However, the heterogeneity in HINs introduces not only rich information but also potentially incompatible semantics, which poses special challenges to embedding learning in HINs. With the intention to preserve the rich yet potentially incompatible information in HIN embedding, we propose to study the problem of comprehensive transcription of…
Heterogeneous information networks(HINs) become popular in recent years for its strong capability of modelling objects with abundant information using explicit network structure. Network embedding has been proved as an effective method to convert information networks into lower-dimensional space, whereas the core information can be well preserved. However, traditional network embedding algorithms are sub-optimal in capturing rich while potentially incompatible semantics provided by HINs. To address this issue, a novel meta-path-based HIN representation learning framework named mSHINE is design…
In recent time, applications of network embedding in mining real-world information network have been widely reported in the literature. Majority of the information networks are heterogeneous in nature. Meta-path is one of the popularly used approaches for generating embedding in heterogeneous networks. As meta-path guides the models towards a specific sub-structure, it tends to lose some hetero- geneous characteristics inherently present in the underlying network. In this paper, we systematically study the effects of different meta-paths using different state-of-art network embedding methods (…
Ocean University of China（中国海洋大学）；The University of Hong Kong（香港大学）；Shandong University of Science and Technology（山东科技大学）
Heterogeneous graph convolutional networks have gained great popularity in tackling various network analytical tasks on heterogeneous network data, ranging from link prediction to node classification. However, most existing works ignore the relation heterogeneity with multiplex network between multi-typed nodes and different importance of relations in meta-paths for node embedding, which can hardly capture the heterogeneous structure signals across different relations. To tackle this challenge, this work proposes a Multiplex Heterogeneous Graph Convolutional Network (MHGCN) for heterogeneous n…
Due to the flexibility in modelling data heterogeneity, heterogeneous information network (HIN) has been adopted to characterize complex and heterogeneous auxiliary data in recommender systems, called HIN based recommendation. It is challenging to develop effective methods for HIN based recommendation in both extraction and exploitation of the information from HINs. Most of HIN based recommendation methods rely on path based similarity, which cannot fully mine latent structure features of users and items. In this paper, we propose a novel heterogeneous network embedding based approach for HIN …
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign（伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校）；Yahoo! Research（雅虎研究院）；Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)（浦项科技大学）
Many real-world tasks solved by heterogeneous network embedding methods can be cast as modeling the likelihood of pairwise relationship between two nodes. For example, the goal of author identification task is to model the likelihood of a paper being written by an author (paper-author pairwise relationship). Existing task-guided embedding methods are node-centric in that they simply measure the similarity between the node embeddings to compute the likelihood of a pairwise relationship between two nodes. However, we claim that for task-guided embeddings, it is crucial to focus on directly model…
Het-node2vec: second order random walk sampling for heterogeneous multigraphs embedding
Jackson Lab for Genomic Medicine（杰克逊基因组医学实验室）；ELLIS - European Laboratory for Learning and Intelligent Systems（欧洲学习与智能系统实验室）；Berlin Institute of Health - Charité, Universitätsmedizin, Berlin（柏林健康研究所 - 夏里特柏林医学院）；University of Granada（格拉纳达大学）；Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory（劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室）
We propose a friend recommendation system (an application of link prediction) using edge embeddings on social networks. Most real-world social networks are multi-graphs, where different kinds of relationships (e.g. chat, friendship) are possible between a pair of users. Existing network embedding techniques do not leverage signals from different edge types and thus perform inadequately on link prediction in such networks. We propose a method to mine network representation that effectively exploits heterogeneity in multi-graphs. We evaluate our model on a real-world, active social network where…
Southern University of Science and Technology（南方科技大学）
Network representation learning (NRL) has been widely used to help analyze large-scale networks through mapping original networks into a low-dimensional vector space. However, existing NRL methods ignore the impact of properties of relations on the object relevance in heterogeneous information networks (HINs). To tackle this issue, this paper proposes a new NRL framework, called Event2vec, for HINs to consider both quantities and properties of relations during the representation learning process. Specifically, an event (i.e., a complete semantic unit) is used to represent the relation among mu…
The real-world networks often compose of different types of nodes and edges with rich semantics, widely known as heterogeneous information network (HIN). Heterogeneous network embedding aims to embed nodes into low-dimensional vectors which capture rich intrinsic information of heterogeneous networks. However, existing models either depend on manually designing meta-paths, ignore mutual effects between different semantics, or omit some aspects of information from global networks. To address these limitations, we propose a novel Graph-Aggregated Heterogeneous Network Embedding (GAHNE), which is…
University of Illinois at Chicago（伊利诺伊大学芝加哥分校）；Cornell University（康奈尔大学）；The University of Hong Kong（香港大学）；Facebook（脸书）
Meta-graph is currently the most powerful tool for similarity search on heterogeneous information networks,where a meta-graph is a composition of meta-paths that captures the complex structural information. However, current relevance computing based on meta-graph only considers the complex structural information, but ignores its embedded meta-paths information. To address this problem, we proposeMEta-GrAph-based network embedding models, called MEGA and MEGA++, respectively. The MEGA model uses normalized relevance or similarity measures that are derived from a meta-graph and its embedded meta…
The prosperous development of e-commerce has spawned diverse recommendation systems. As a matter of fact, there exist rich and complex interactions among various types of nodes in real-world recommendation systems, which can be constructed as heterogeneous graphs. How learn representative node embedding is the basis and core of the personalized recommendation system. Meta-path is a widely used structure to capture the semantics beneath such interactions and show potential ability in improving node embedding. In this paper, we propose Heterogeneous Graph neural network for Recommendation (HGRec…
The Australian National University（澳大利亚国立大学）；Alibaba Group（阿里巴巴集团）
Network embedding aims to learn low-dimensional representations of nodes while capturing structure information of networks. It has achieved great success on many tasks of network analysis such as link prediction and node classification. Most of existing network embedding algorithms focus on how to learn static homogeneous networks effectively. However, networks in the real world are more complex, e.g., networks may consist of several types of nodes and edges (called heterogeneous information) and may vary over time in terms of dynamic nodes and edges (called evolutionary patterns). Limited wor…
Network embedding in heterogeneous information networks (HINs) is a challenging task, due to complications of different node types and rich relationships between nodes. As a result, conventional network embedding techniques cannot work on such HINs. Recently, metapath-based approaches have been proposed to characterize relationships in HINs, but they are ineffective in capturing rich contexts and semantics between nodes for embedding learning, mainly because (1) metapath is a rather strict single path node-node relationship descriptor, which is unable to accommodate variance in relationships, …
King Abdullah University of Science and Technology（阿卜杜拉国王科技大学）
Graph embedding has attracted increasing attention due to its critical application in social network analysis. Most existing algorithms for graph embedding only rely on the typology information and fail to use the copious information in nodes as well as edges. As a result, their performance for many tasks may not be satisfactory. In this paper, we proposed a novel and general framework of representation learning for graph with rich text information through constructing a bipartite heterogeneous network. Specially, we designed a biased random walk to explore the constructed heterogeneous networ…
Networks found in the real-world are numerous and varied. A common type of network is the heterogeneous network, where the nodes (and edges) can be of different types. Accordingly, there have been efforts at learning representations of these heterogeneous networks in low-dimensional space. However, most of the existing heterogeneous network embedding methods suffer from the following two drawbacks: (1) The target space is usually Euclidean. Conversely, many recent works have shown that complex networks may have hyperbolic latent anatomy, which is non-Euclidean. (2) These methods usually rely o…
Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院）；School of Computer Science, South China Normal University（华南师范大学计算机学院）
In this paper, we propose GPSP, a novel Graph Partition and Space Projection based approach, to learn the representation of a heterogeneous network that consists of multiple types of nodes and links. Concretely, we first partition the heterogeneous network into homogeneous and bipartite subnetworks. Then, the projective relations hidden in bipartite subnetworks are extracted by learning the projective embedding vectors. Finally, we concatenate the projective vectors from bipartite subnetworks with the ones learned from homogeneous subnetworks to form the final representation of the heterogeneo…
Heterogeneous networks not only present a challenge of heterogeneity in the types of nodes and relations, but also the attributes and content associated with the nodes. While recent works have looked at representation learning on homogeneous and heterogeneous networks, there is no work that has collectively addressed the following challenges: (a) the heterogeneous structural information of the network consisting of multiple types of nodes and relations; (b) the unstructured semantic content (e.g., text) associated with nodes; and (c) online updates due to incoming new nodes in growing network.…
Recently, graph neural networks have been widely used for network embedding because of their prominent performance in pairwise relationship learning. In the real world, a more natural and common situation is the coexistence of pairwise relationships and complex non-pairwise relationships, which is, however, rarely studied. In light of this, we propose a graph neural network-based representation learning framework for heterogeneous hypergraphs, an extension of conventional graphs, which can well characterize multiple non-pairwise relations. Our framework first projects the heterogeneous hypergr…
Virginia Tech（弗吉尼亚理工大学）；Pacific Northwest National Laboratory（太平洋西北国家实验室）
Representation learning methods for heterogeneous networks produce a low-dimensional vector embedding for each node that is typically fixed for all tasks involving the node. Many of the existing methods focus on obtaining a static vector representation for a node in a way that is agnostic to the downstream application where it is being used. In practice, however, downstream tasks such as link prediction require specific contextual information that can be extracted from the subgraphs related to the nodes provided as input to the task. To tackle this challenge, we develop SLiCE, a framework brid…
Social networks, such as Twitter, form a heterogeneous information network (HIN) where nodes represent domain entities (e.g., user, content, advertiser, etc.) and edges represent one of many entity interactions (e.g, a user re-sharing content or "following" another). Interactions from multiple relation types can encode valuable information about social network entities not fully captured by a single relation; for instance, a user's preference for accounts to follow may depend on both user-content engagement interactions and the other users they follow. In this work, we investigate knowledge-gr…
The recent proliferation of publicly available graph-structured data has sparked an interest in machine learning algorithms for graph data. Since most traditional machine learning algorithms assume data to be tabular, embedding algorithms for mapping graph data to real-valued vector spaces has become an active area of research. Existing graph embedding approaches are based purely on structural information and ignore any semantic information from the underlying domain. In this paper, we demonstrate that semantic information can play a useful role in computing graph embeddings. Specifically, we …
In recent years, Graph Neural Networks has received enormous attention from academia for its huge potential of modeling the network traits such as macrostructure and single node attributes. However, prior mainstream works mainly focus on homogeneous network and lack the capacity to characterize the network heterogeneous property. Besides, most previous literature cannot model the influence under microscope vision, making it infeasible to model the joint relation between the heterogeneity and mutual interaction within multiple relation type. In this paper, we propose an Influence Self-attention…
The relationships between objects in a network are typically diverse and complex, leading to the heterogeneous edges with different semantic information. In this paper, we focus on exploring the heterogeneous edges for network representation learning. By considering each relationship as a view that depicts a specific type of proximity between nodes, we propose a multi-stage non-negative matrix factorization (MNMF) model, committed to utilizing abundant information in multiple views to learn robust network representations. In fact, most existing network embedding methods are closely related to …
$\text{H}^2\text{TNE}$: Temporal Heterogeneous Information Network Embedding in Hyperbolic Spaces
College of Computer Science, Nankai University（南开大学计算机学院）；College of Cyber Science, Nankai University（南开大学网络空间安全学院）；TJ Key Laboratory of NDST, Nankai University（南开大学天津市NDST重点实验室）
Network embedding aims at projecting the network data into a low-dimensional feature space, where the nodes are represented as a unique feature vector and network structure can be effectively preserved. In recent years, more and more online application service sites can be represented as massive and complex networks, which are extremely challenging for traditional machine learning algorithms to deal with. Effective embedding of the complex network data into low-dimension feature representation can both save data storage space and enable traditional machine learning algorithms applicable to han…
In recent years, many research works propose to embed the network structured data into a low-dimensional feature space, where each node is represented as a feature vector. However, due to the detachment of embedding process with external tasks, the learned embedding results by most existing embedding models can be ineffective for application tasks with specific objectives, e.g., community detection or information diffusion. In this paper, we propose study the application oriented heterogeneous social network embedding problem. Significantly different from the existing works, besides the networ…
Expert finding is an important task in both industry and academia. It is challenging to rank candidates with appropriate expertise for various queries. In addition, different types of objects interact with one another, which naturally forms heterogeneous information networks. We study the task of expert finding in heterogeneous bibliographical networks based on two aspects: textual content analysis and authority ranking. Regarding the textual content analysis, we propose a new method for query expansion via locally-trained embedding learning with concept hierarchy as guidance, which is particu…
