量子实在、透视论和协变性
Quantum Reality, Perspectivalism and Covariance
摘要：
保罗·布施在各种场合强调了超越量子力学的纯粹工具主义观点对物理学的重要性。即使我们不能确定任何特定的实在论解释描述了世界的实际情况，但对可能的实在论解释的研究有助于我们发展新的物理思想，并在微观层面上对物理对象的本质有更好的直觉。本着这种精神，保罗·布施自己开创了“非尖锐量子实在”的概念，根据这一概念，在单个量子系统的属性中存在客观的非经典不确定性--缺乏尖锐性。我们同意布施的动机调查现实主义的解释量子力学和他愿意远离经典的直觉。在这篇文章中，我们试图在这条道路上采取一些进一步的措施。特别是，我们注意到一些\textit{prima facie}令人难以置信的和反直觉的实在论解释的酉量子力学的方面。我们将论证，从实在论的观点来看，量子语境性自然会导致空间扩展量子系统性质的“透视论”，而这种透视论对于使相对论协变性成为可能是重要的。
英文摘要：
Paul Busch has emphasized on various occasions the importance for physics of going beyond a merely instrumentalist view of quantum mechanics. Even if we cannot be sure that any particular realist interpretation describes the world as it actually is, the investigation of possible realist interpretations helps us to develop new physical ideas and better intuitions about the nature of physical objects at the micro level. In this spirit, Paul Busch himself pioneered the concept of ``unsharp quantum reality'', according to which there is an objective non-classical indeterminacy---a lack of sharpness---in the properties of individual quantum systems. We concur with Busch's motivation for investigating realist interpretations of quantum mechanics and with his willingness to move away from classical intuitions. In this article we try to take some further steps on this road. In particular, we pay attention to a number of \textit{prima facie} implausible and counter-intuitive aspects of realist interpretations of unitary quantum mechanics. We shall argue that from a realist viewpoint, quantum contextuality naturally leads to ``perspectivalism'' with respect to properties of spatially extended quantum systems, and that this perspectivalism is important for making relativistic covariance possible.
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