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arXiv 1905.03381cs.LGcs.AIstat.ML
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AutoAssist:一个加速深度神经网络训练的框架

AutoAssist: A Framework to Accelerate Training of Deep Neural Networks

University of Texas at Austin(德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校);Amazon(亚马逊)

Jiong Zhang, Hsiang-fu Yu, Inderjit S. Dhillon

摘要:

深度神经网络在许多应用中具有卓越的性能;然而,即使使用现代GPU/TPU硬件加速,具有数百万实例的深度模型中的梯度计算也会导致冗长的训练过程。在本文中,我们提出了AutoAssist,这是一个简单的框架,可以加速深度神经网络的训练。通常,随着训练过程的发展,通过对每个实例进行随机梯度更新而对当前模型的改进量动态变化。在AutoAssist中,我们利用这一事实并设计了一个简单的实例收缩操作,用于过滤出对当前模型具有相对较低边际改进的实例;因此,尽可能多地对信息实例执行计算密集型梯度计算。我们证明了所提出的技术优于香草SGD与现有的重要性采样方法的线性SVM问题,并建立了一个O(1/k)收敛的强凸问题。为了应用所提出的技术来加速深度模型的训练,我们建议除了被称为Boss的原始深度网络之外,还联合训练一个非常轻量级的Assistant网络。Assistant网络旨在衡量给定实例相对于当前Boss的重要性,以便可以在批处理生成器中应用收缩操作。通过仔细的设计,我们以非阻塞和异步的方式训练Boss和Assistant,从而使开销最小。我们证明了AutoAssist将训练ResNet的epoch数量减少了40%,以在图像分类数据集上达到相同的测试精度,并节省了Transformer模型在翻译数据集上产生相同BLEU分数所需的30%训练时间。

英文摘要:

Deep neural networks have yielded superior performance in many applications; however, the gradient computation in a deep model with millions of instances lead to a lengthy training process even with modern GPU/TPU hardware acceleration. In this paper, we propose AutoAssist, a simple framework to accelerate training of a deep neural network. Typically, as the training procedure evolves, the amount of improvement in the current model by a stochastic gradient update on each instance varies dynamically. In AutoAssist, we utilize this fact and design a simple instance shrinking operation, which is used to filter out instances with relatively low marginal improvement to the current model; thus the computationally intensive gradient computations are performed on informative instances as much as possible. We prove that the proposed technique outperforms vanilla SGD with existing importance sampling approaches for linear SVM problems, and establish an O(1/k) convergence for strongly convex problems. In order to apply the proposed techniques to accelerate training of deep models, we propose to jointly train a very lightweight Assistant network in addition to the original deep network referred to as Boss. The Assistant network is designed to gauge the importance of a given instance with respect to the current Boss such that a shrinking operation can be applied in the batch generator. With careful design, we train the Boss and Assistant in a nonblocking and asynchronous fashion such that overhead is minimal. We demonstrate that AutoAssist reduces the number of epochs by 40% for training a ResNet to reach the same test accuracy on an image classification data set and saves 30% training time needed for a transformer model to yield the same BLEU scores on a translation dataset.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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