arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 1905.00566cs.DS
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流和其他空间敏感模型中通过退化的图着色

Graph Coloring via Degeneracy in Streaming and Other Space-Conscious Models

Suman K. Bera, Amit Chakrabarti, Prantar Ghosh

摘要:

我们研究了在几个成熟的大数据计算模型中使用少量颜色对给定图进行着色的问题。这些模型包括数据流模型、通用图查询模型、大规模并行计算(MPC)模型、CONGESTED-CLIQUE和分布式计算模型。一方面,我们给算法的次线性复杂性,在这些模型中的每一个适当的复杂性的概念。我们的算法使用大约$κ(G)$颜色对图$G$着色,其中$κ(G)$是$G$的退化度:该参数与荫度$α(G)$密切相关。作为单独的$κ(G)$的函数,我们的结果接近最佳可能,因为最佳颜色数是$κ(G)+1$。另一方面,我们建立了一定的下界,表明次线性算法可能不能走得更远。特别是,我们证明了任何随机着色算法,使用$κ(G)+1$许多颜色,将需要$Ω(n^2)$存储在一个通过流模型,和$Ω(n^2)$许多查询在一般的图形查询模型,其中$n$是在图中的顶点数。即使预先知道$κ(G)$的值,这些下界也成立;同时,我们的上界不需要预先给出$κ(G)$。

英文摘要:

We study the problem of coloring a given graph using a small number of colors in several well-established models of computation for big data. These include the data streaming model, the general graph query model, the massively parallel computation (MPC) model, and the CONGESTED-CLIQUE and the LOCAL models of distributed computation. On the one hand, we give algorithms with sublinear complexity, for the appropriate notion of complexity in each of these models. Our algorithms color a graph $G$ using about $κ(G)$ colors, where $κ(G)$ is the degeneracy of $G$: this parameter is closely related to the arboricity $α(G)$. As a function of $κ(G)$ alone, our results are close to best possible, since the optimal number of colors is $κ(G)+1$. On the other hand, we establish certain lower bounds indicating that sublinear algorithms probably cannot go much further. In particular, we prove that any randomized coloring algorithm that uses $κ(G)+1$ many colors, would require $Ω(n^2)$ storage in the one pass streaming model, and $Ω(n^2)$ many queries in the general graph query model, where $n$ is the number of vertices in the graph. These lower bounds hold even when the value of $κ(G)$ is known in advance; at the same time, our upper bounds do not require $κ(G)$ to be given in advance.

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