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arXiv 1904.04037astro-ph.GA
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天龙座矮球状星系中恒星的三维运动学

Stellar 3-D kinematics in the Draco dwarf spheroidal galaxy

Davide Massari, Amina Helmi, Alessio Mucciarelli, Laura V. Sales, Lorenzo Spina, Eline Tolstoy

摘要:

目的。我们提出了第一个三维内部运动的天龙座矮球状星系中的单个恒星。方法.通过结合第一历元$Hubble$ $Space$ $Telescope$观测和第二历元$Gaia$数据Release 2位置,我们测量了$149$源在天龙座方向上的自行。我们确定了$81$红巨星分支恒星的子样本的视线速度使用中等分辨率的光谱在凯克II望远镜的DEIMOS摄谱仪获得。总之,这导致了$45$ Draco成员的最终样本具有高精度和准确的3D运动,我们在本文中以表格的形式呈现。结果基于这个高质量的数据集,我们确定了$\sim120$ pc距Draco中心的投影距离处的速度分散度为$σ_{R} =11.0^{+2.1}_{-1.5}$ km/s,$σ_{T}=9.9^{+2.3}_{-3.1}$ km/s和$σ_{LOS}=9.0^{+1.1}_{-1.1}$ km/s。这导致在$r \gtrsim120$ pc下的速度各向异性$β=0.25^{+0.47}_{-1.38}$。使用球面Jeans方程并假设恒定的各向异性和Navarro-Frenk-White(NFW)质量分布,还基于3D速度色散应低于系统逃逸速度的$\approx 1/3$的假设,可以获得更严格的约束。在这种情况下,我们将天龙座的最大圆周速度$V_{max}$限制在$10.2-17.0$ km/s的范围内。相应的质量范围是在良好的协议与以前的估计的基础上的视线速度。结论.我们的牛仔裤模型支持在这个星系中的一个尖锐的暗物质配置文件的情况。通过将更复杂的模型应用于该数据集以及即将发布的$Gaia$新数据集,可以得出更坚定的结论。

英文摘要:

Aims. We present the first three-dimensional internal motions for individual stars in the Draco dwarf spheroidal galaxy. Methods. By combining first-epoch $Hubble$ $Space$ $Telescope$ observations and second-epoch $Gaia$ Data Release 2 positions, we measured the proper motions of $149$ sources in the direction of Draco. We determined the line-of-sight velocities for a sub-sample of $81$ red giant branch stars using medium resolution spectra acquired with the DEIMOS spectrograph at the Keck II telescope. Altogether, this resulted in a final sample of $45$ Draco members with high-precision and accurate 3D motions, which we present as a table in this paper. Results. Based on this high-quality dataset, we determined the velocity dispersions at a projected distance of $\sim120$ pc from the centre of Draco to be $σ_{R} =11.0^{+2.1}_{-1.5}$ km/s, $σ_{T}=9.9^{+2.3}_{-3.1}$ km/s and $σ_{LOS}=9.0^{+1.1}_{-1.1}$ km/s in the projected radial, tangential, and line-of-sight directions. This results in a velocity anisotropy $β=0.25^{+0.47}_{-1.38}$ at $r \gtrsim120$ pc. Tighter constraints may be obtained using the spherical Jeans equations and assuming constant anisotropy and Navarro-Frenk-White (NFW) mass profiles, also based on the assumption that the 3D velocity dispersion should be lower than $\approx 1/3$ of the escape velocity of the system. In this case, we constrain the maximum circular velocity $V_{max}$ of Draco to be in the range of $10.2-17.0$ km/s. The corresponding mass range is in good agreement with previous estimates based on line-of-sight velocities only. Conclusions. Our Jeans modelling supports the case for a cuspy dark matter profile in this galaxy. Firmer conclusions may be drawn by applying more sophisticated models to this dataset and with new datasets from upcoming $Gaia$ releases.

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