arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 1904.03260cs.RO
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从像素到计划:通过模仿计划器学习非精确操作

Pixels to Plans: Learning Non-Prehensile Manipulation by Imitating a Planner

Samsung AI Center NY(三星纽约人工智能中心)

Tarik Tosun, Eric Mitchell, Ben Eisner, Jinwook Huh, Bhoram Lee, Daewon Lee, Volkan Isler, H. Sebastian Seung, Daniel Lee

摘要:

我们提出了一种新的方法,使机器人能够快速学习操纵对象,利用运动规划器生成“专家”的训练轨迹,从少量的人类标记的数据。与传统的感知-计划-行动循环相比,我们提出了一种称为PtPNet的深度学习架构和训练方案,它可以直接从物体的单个RGB-D图像中估计有效的末端执行器轨迹。此外,我们还提出了一个数据汇集和增强管道,可以自动生成大量(数百万)训练图像和轨迹示例,几乎不需要人工标记。我们展示了我们的方法在一个非基于工具的操作任务,特别是拿起鞋钩。在硬件实验中,PtPNet生成的运动计划(开环轨迹)可以可靠地(在189次试验中成功率为89%)从一系列位置和方向中拾取四只非常不同的鞋子,并可靠地拾取一只从未见过的鞋子。与传统的感知-计划-行动范式相比,我们的系统具有以下优点:在稀疏信息(单个RGB-D帧)上操作,产生高质量的轨迹比“专家”计划者快得多(300毫秒对几秒),并且有效地推广到以前看不见的鞋子。

英文摘要:

We present a novel method enabling robots to quickly learn to manipulate objects by leveraging a motion planner to generate "expert" training trajectories from a small amount of human-labeled data. In contrast to the traditional sense-plan-act cycle, we propose a deep learning architecture and training regimen called PtPNet that can estimate effective end-effector trajectories for manipulation directly from a single RGB-D image of an object. Additionally, we present a data collection and augmentation pipeline that enables the automatic generation of large numbers (millions) of training image and trajectory examples with almost no human labeling effort. We demonstrate our approach in a non-prehensile tool-based manipulation task, specifically picking up shoes with a hook. In hardware experiments, PtPNet generates motion plans (open-loop trajectories) that reliably (89% success over 189 trials) pick up four very different shoes from a range of positions and orientations, and reliably picks up a shoe it has never seen before. Compared with a traditional sense-plan-act paradigm, our system has the advantages of operating on sparse information (single RGB-D frame), producing high-quality trajectories much faster than the "expert" planner (300ms versus several seconds), and generalizing effectively to previously unseen shoes.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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