Astro2020科学白皮书：类星体和星系的X射线透镜研究的新时代
Astro2020 Science White Paper: A New Era for X-ray Lensing Studies of Quasars and Galaxies
摘要：
目前的X射线观测和模拟表明，引力透镜可以用来推断黑洞事件视界附近的结构，限制黑洞吸积和流出的动力学和演化，在强引力区检验广义相对论，并限制透镜星系中暗物质的演化。由于目前X射线望远镜的能力有限，而且已知的透镜类星体数量相对较少（约200个），这些科学目标目前无法在z = 0.5 - 5的透镜类星体的统计大样本中实现。后一个限制将通过LSST的多波段和宽视场光度光学测量来解决，预计将导致发现超过4，000个额外的引力透镜系统。正如我们在本白皮书中所展示的，这些科学目标可以通过在1千电子伏下空间分辨率为0.5平方米的X射线望远镜来实现<0.5arcsec to resolve the lensed images and a collecting area of >。
英文摘要：
Current X-ray observations and simulations show that gravitational lensing can be used to infer the structure near the event horizons of black holes, constrain the dynamics and evolution of black-hole accretion and outflows, test general relativity in the strong-gravity regime and place constraints on the evolution of dark matter in the lensing galaxies. These science goals currently cannot be achieved in a statistically large sample of z = 0.5 - 5 lensed quasars due to the limited capabilities of current X-ray telescopes and the relatively low number (~200) of known lensed quasars. The latter limitation will be resolved with the multi-band and wide-field photometric optical survey of LSST that is expected to lead to the discovery of > 4,000 additional gravitationally lensed systems. As we show in this white paper, these science goals can be reached with an X-ray telescope having a spatial resolution of <0.5arcsec to resolve the lensed images and a collecting area of >0.5 m^2 at 1 keV.
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