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arXiv 1904.02005astro-ph.SRastro-ph.GA
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在双星团$h$和$χ$英仙座中扩展的主序星关闭:恒星旋转的复杂作用

Extended main-sequence turnoffs in the double cluster $h$ and $χ$ Persei: The complex role of stellar rotation

Chengyuan Li, Weijia Sun, Richard de Grijs, Licai Deng, Kun Wang, Giacomo Cordoni, Antonino P. Milone

摘要:

利用{ \sl Gaia} Data Release 2测光技术,我们在$\sim 14$ Myr古老的双星团$h$和英仙座星$χ$(NGC 869和NGC 884)的色-星等图(CMD)中探测到了扩展的主序关闭(eMSTO)区域。我们发现,在$h$和$χ$英仙座中,质量低于$\sim$ 1.3 $M_{\odot}$的恒星都居住在狭窄的主序列(MS)中,而质量更大的恒星则定义了eMSTO,这与年轻的银河和麦哲伦星团(年龄大于$\sim$ 3000万年)的观测结果非常相似。先前基于年龄超过$\sim$ 3000万年的星团的研究发现,快速旋转的MS星比类似光度的慢速旋转星更红,这表明恒星旋转可能是eMSTO的主要驱动力。通过结合测光和投影旋转速度从文献中的恒星在$h$和$χ$英仙座,我们发现没有明显的关系之间的旋转速度和颜色的非发射线的eMSTO星,与观察到的老星团。与麦哲伦星团中观察到的情况类似,大多数旋转速度极快的恒星,通过它们强烈的H $α$发射线来识别,都位于eMSTO的红色部分。这表明恒星自转在MSTO恒星的颜色和星等分布中起着重要作用。通过将观测结果与模拟的CMD进行比较,我们发现,一个简单的人口组成的同时代的恒星,跨越广泛的旋转速率是无法重现的集群的MS的颜色传播。我们认为,变星,二进制的相互作用,恒星旋转影响这些非常年轻的集群的eMSTO形态。

英文摘要:

Using {\sl Gaia} Data Release 2 photometry, we report the detection of extended main-sequence turnoff (eMSTO) regions in the color--magnitude diagrams (CMDs) of the $\sim 14$ Myr-old double clusters $h$ and $χ$ Persei (NGC 869 and NGC 884). We find that stars with masses below $\sim$1.3 $M_{\odot}$ in both $h$ and $χ$ Persei populate narrow main sequences (MSs), while more massive stars define the eMSTO, closely mimicking observations of young Galactic and Magellanic Cloud clusters (with ages older than $\sim$30 Myr). Previous studies based on clusters older than $\sim$30 Myr find that rapidly rotating MS stars are redder than slow rotators of similar luminosity, suggesting that stellar rotation may be the main driver of the eMSTO. By combining photometry and projected rotational velocities from the literature of stars in $h$ and $χ$ Persei, we find no obvious relation between the rotational velocities and colors of non-emission-line eMSTO stars, in contrast with what is observed in older clusters. Similarly to what is observed in Magellanic Cloud clusters, most of the extremely rapidly rotating stars, identified by their strong H$α$ emission lines, are located in the red part of the eMSTOs. This indicates that stellar rotation plays a role in the color and magnitude distribution of MSTO stars. By comparing the observations with simulated CMDs, we find that a simple population composed of coeval stars that span a wide range of rotation rates is unable to reproduce the color spread of the clusters' MSs. We suggest that variable stars, binary interactions, and stellar rotation affect the eMSTO morphology of these very young clusters.

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