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arXiv 1903.04533astro-ph.GA
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类星体内部结构的时域光谱测绘

Mapping the Inner Structure of Quasars with Time-Domain Spectroscopy

Yue Shen, Scott Anderson, Edo Berger, W. N. Brandt, Gisella De Rosa, Xiaohui Fan, Laura Ferrarese, Suvi Gezari, Matthew Graham, Jenny Greene, Catherine J. Grier… 展开作者

Yue Shen, Scott Anderson, Edo Berger, W. N. Brandt, Gisella De Rosa, Xiaohui Fan, Laura Ferrarese, Suvi Gezari, Matthew Graham, Jenny Greene, Catherine J. Grier, Josh Grindlay, Daryl Haggard, Patrick B. Hall, Luis Ho, Hector Ibarra Medel, Dragana Ilic, Zeljko Ivezic, Jacob Jencson, Linhua Jiang, Stéphanie Juneau, Mansi Kasliwal, Juna Kollmeier, Alexander Kutyrev, Jennifer I-Hsiu Li, Guilin Liu, Xin Liu, Chelsea MacLeod, Gary Melnick, Brian Metzger, Adam D. Myers, Christopher O'Dea, Andreea Petric, Luka Č. Popović, Abhishek Prakash, Bill Purcell, Gordon T. Richards, George Rieke, Nial Tanvir, Benny Trakhtenbrot, Michael Wood-Vasey, Yongquan Xue, Qian Yang

摘要:

类星体在很宽的波长和时间尺度范围内无处不在的变化编码了关于环核发射区域的结构和动力学的关键信息,这些信息太小而无法直接解决,以及这些活动超大质量黑洞中吸积和反馈过程的详细基础物理。我们强调了利用时域光谱学研究类星体变率的重要性,重点讨论了两个科学案例:(1)混响映射(RM),以测量遥远类星体中宽线区域的大小和黑洞质量;(2)光谱跟踪极端变率类星体,这些类星体在几年内显着改变其连续谱和宽线通量。我们强调在未来几十年内需要专用的光学-红外光谱测量设施来配合广域时域成像测量,包括:(1)斯隆数字巡天的下一阶段(SDSS-V; ~2020-2025),使用2.5米级望远镜的全天时域多目标光谱巡天;(2)计划中的Maunakea Spectroscopic Explorer,一个专用的10米级光谱巡天望远镜,拥有1.5平方米的空间。2029年开始在光学和近红外(J+H)中使用10 °视场和数千根光纤的多路复用;(3)时域光谱天文台(TSO),一个拟议中的探测级~ 1.3米望远镜,位于L2,具有成像和光谱学功能。(R=200,1800)在4个波段(0.3 - 5微米)和快速回转能力,以90%的天空,这将扩大覆盖范围的Hbeta到z=8。

英文摘要:

The ubiquitous variability of quasars across a wide range of wavelengths and timescales encodes critical information about the structure and dynamics of the circumnuclear emitting regions that are too small to be directly resolved, as well as detailed underlying physics of accretion and feedback processes in these active supermassive black holes. We emphasize the importance of studying quasar variability with time-domain spectroscopy, focusing on two science cases: (1) reverberation mapping (RM) to measure the broad-line region sizes and black hole masses in distant quasars; (2) spectroscopic follow-up of extreme variability quasars that dramatically change their continuum and broad-line flux within several years. We highlight the need for dedicated optical-infrared spectroscopic survey facilities in the coming decades to accompany wide-area time-domain imaging surveys, including: (1) the next phase of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-V; ~2020-2025), an all-sky, time-domain multi-object spectroscopic survey with 2.5m-class telescopes; (2) the planned Maunakea Spectroscopic Explorer, a dedicated 10m-class spectroscopic survey telescope with a 1.5 sq. deg field-of-view and multiplex of thousands of fibers in both optical and near-IR (J+H) to begin operations in 2029; (3) the Time-domain Spectroscopic Observatory (TSO), a proposed Probe-class ~1.3m telescope at L2, with imaging and spectroscopy (R=200, 1800) in 4 bands (0.3 - 5 micron) and rapid slew capability to 90% of sky, which will extend the coverage of Hbeta to z=8.

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