arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 1903.00515cond-mat.supr-con
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铁基超导体中一维Majorana通道的色散特征

Signature of Dispersing 1D Majorana Channels in an Iron-based Superconductor

Zhenyu Wang, Jorge Olivares Rodriguez, Lin Jiao, Sean Howard, Martin Graham, G. D. Gu, Taylor Hughes, Dirk K. Morr, Vidya Madhavan

摘要:

马约拉纳费米子作为准粒子激发在凝聚态物理中的可能实现已经引起了许多兴奋。最近的研究主要集中在可以作为拓扑量子比特的马约拉纳束缚态。更一般地说,类似于基本粒子,马约拉纳费米子可以传播并显示线性色散。这些激发尚未被直接观测到,也可用于量子信息处理。实现这一点的一种途径是在两个相移超导体之间的线结中耦合到拓扑表面状态。最近的理论表明,在铁基超导体中,一种特殊类型的晶体缺陷,即,两个区域之间的畴壁(DW),在它们之间具有半单位晶胞位移,应该在超导序参量中产生$π$相移。结合最近的数据显示在FeSe $_x$ Te $_{1-x}$拓扑表面状态,我们发现这是理想的系统,实现螺旋一维色散马约拉纳模式。在这里,我们报告的扫描隧道光谱(STS)测量结晶DW在FeSe $_{0.45}$ Te $_{0.55}$。通过对大面积超导能隙图的分析,我们识别出了拓扑表面态的能隙,证明了我们的样品是一个有效的Fu-Kane近似拓扑系统。我们进一步定位DWs,其中原子移动了半个晶胞。STS的数据显示,这些DW的超导能隙,一维线性分散模式的标志内的状态密度平坦。这种独特的签名是不存在的DW在相关的超导体,FeSe这是不是在拓扑阶段。我们的综合数据是一致的观察分散Majorana状态在一个$π$ -相移DW在一个近似的拓扑材料。

英文摘要:

The possible realization of Majorana fermions as quasiparticle excitations in condensed matter physics has created much excitement. Most recent studies have focused on Majorana bound states which can serve as topological qubits. More generally, akin to elementary particles, Majorana fermions can propagate and display linear dispersion. These excitations have not yet been directly observed, and can also be used for quantum information processing. One route to realizing this is in a line junction between two phase-shifted superconductors coupled to topological surface states. Recent theory indicates that in iron-based superconductors, a particular type of crystalline defect, i.e., a domain wall (DW) between two regions with a half-unit cell shift between them, should create a $π$-phase shift in the superconducting order parameter. Combined with recent data showing topological surface states in FeSe$_x$Te$_{1-x}$ we find that this is the ideal system to realize helical 1D-dispersing Majorana modes. Here we report scanning tunneling spectroscopic (STS) measurements of crystalline DWs in FeSe$_{0.45}$Te$_{0.55}$. By analyzing large-area superconducting gap maps, we identify the gap in the topological surface state, demonstrating that our sample is an effective Fu-Kane proximitized topological system. We further locate DWs across which the atoms shift by half a unit cell. STS data on these DWs reveal a flat density of states inside the superconducting gap, a hallmark of linearly dispersing modes in 1D. This unique signature is absent in DWs in the related superconductor, FeSe which is not in the topological phase. Our combined data are consistent with the observation of dispersing Majorana states at a $π$-phase shift DW in a proximitized topological material.

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