电磁波通过超导量子比特阵列的传播：量子比特非平衡稳态的表现
Electromagnetic waves propagation through an array of superconducting qubits: manifestations of non-equilibrium steady states of qubits
摘要：
研究了电磁波在嵌入低耗散传输线的超导量子比特阵列（即相干二能级系统）中的传播。我们专注于近共振的情况下的频率的EW $ω\simeq ω_q$，其中$ω_q$是量子比特频率。在此极限下，我们导出了有效的动态非线性波方程，从而可以得到与频率有关的EWs透射系数$D(ω)$。在线性区域和相对较宽的频率范围内，我们得到了$D(ω)$在单个量子比特和由大量密集排列的量子比特组成的链的情况下的强共振抑制。然而，在窄频率区域中，量子比特链允许具有大大增强的$D(ω)$的EW的谐振传输。在非线性制度实现了一个中等功率的微波辐射，我们预测和分析的特点是高，低值的$D(ω)$状态之间的各种转变。这些转变是在这种状态下实现的量子位阵列的非平衡稳态的表现。
英文摘要：
We report a theoretical study of the electromagnetic waves (EWs) propagation through an array of superconducting qubits, i.e. coherent two-level systems, embedded in a low-dissipative transmission line. We focus on the near-resonant case as the frequency of EWs $ω\simeq ω_q$, where $ω_q$ is the qubit frequency. In this limit we derive the effective dynamic nonlinear wave equation allowing one to obtain the frequency dependent transmission coefficient of EWs, $D(ω)$. In the linear regime and a relatively wide frequency region we obtain a strong resonant suppression of $D(ω)$ in both cases of a single qubit and chains composed of a large number of densely arranged qubits. However, in narrow frequency regions a chain of qubits allows the resonant transmission of EWs with greatly enhanced $D(ω)$. In the nonlinear regime realized for a moderate power of applied microwave radiation, we predict and analyze various transitions between states characterized by high and low values of $D(ω)$. These transitions are manifestations of nonequilibrium steady states of an array of qubits achieved in this regime.
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