We investigate the joint distribution and the multivariate survival functions for the maxima of an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (OU) process in consecutive time-intervals. A PDE method, alongside an eigenfunction expansion, is adopted with which we first calculate the distribution and the survival functions for the maximum of a homogeneous OU-process in a single interval. By a deterministic time-change and a parameter translation, this result can be extended to an inhomogeneous OU-process. Next, we derive a general formula for the joint distribution and the survival functions for the maxima of a continuous Markov process in consecutive periods. With these results, one can obtain semi-analytical expressions for the joint distribution and the multivariate survival functions for the maxima of an OU-process, with piecewise constant parameter functions, in consecutive time periods. The joint distribution and the survival functions can be evaluated numerically by an iterated quadrature scheme, which can be implemented efficiently by matrix multiplications. Moreover, we show that the computation can be further simplified to the product of single quadratures by imposing a mild condition. Such results may be used for the modelling of heatwaves and related risk management challenges.
If we add a simple rotation term to both the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck semigroup and the definition of the H-derivative, then analogue to the classical Malliavin calculus on the real Wiener space [I. Shigekawa, Stochastic analysis, 2004], we get a normal but nonsymmetric Ornstein-Uhlenbeck operator $L$ on the complex Wiener space. The eigenfunctions of the operator $L$ are given. In addition, the hypercontractivity for the nonsymmetric Ornstein-Uhlenbeck semigroup is shown.
For an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process driven by a double exponential jump diffusion process, we obtain formulas for the joint Laplace transform of it and its occupation times. The approach used is remarkable and can be extended to investigate the occupation times of an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process driven by a more general Levy process.
In this short note, the identity in law, which was obtained by P. Salminen, between on one hand, the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process with parameter gamma, killed when it reaches 0, and on the other hand, the 3-dimensional radial Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process killed exponentially at rate gamma and conditioned to hit 0, is derived from a simple absolute continuity relationship.
We investigate the asymptotic properties of the minimum $L_1$-norm estimator of the drift parameter for fractional Ornstein-Uhlenbeck type process driven by a general Gaussian process.
We investigate the sharp large deviation properties of the energy and the maximum likelihood estimator for the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process driven by a fractional Brownian motion with Hurst index greater than one half.
We consider the generalized Ornstein- Uhlenbeck equation $\partial_t X=-m X_t+η$. In this paper We construct the Lévy noise $η$. The generalized Ornstein- Uhlenbeck process $X_t$ will be represented by a special types of graphs called rooted trees with two types of leaves.
We obtain a Berry-Esseen type bound for the distribution of the maximum likelihood estimator of the drift parameter for fractional Ornstein-uhlenbeck type process driven by sub-fractional Brownian motion.
We define a time-changed fractional Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process by composing a fractional Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process with the inverse of a subordinator. Properties of the moments of such process are investigated and the existence of the density is shown. We also provide a generalized Fokker-Planck equation for the density of the process.
This paper presents a study of the properties of the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck bridge, specifically, we derive its Karhunen-Loève expansion for any value of the initial variance and mean-reversion parameter (or mean-repulsion if negative). We also show that its canonical decomposition can be obtained using some techniques related to generalized bridges. Finally, we present an application to the optimal functional quantization of the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck bridge.
We prove two martingale identities which involve exit times of Levy-driven Ornstein--Uhlenbeck processes. Using these identities we find an explicit formula for the Laplace transform of the exit time under the assumption that positive jumps of the Levy process are exponentially distributed.
The main objective of this work is to study a natural class of catalytic Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (O-U) processes with a measure-valued random catalyst, for example, super-Brownian motion. We relate this to the class of affine processes that provides a unified setting in which to view Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes, superprocesses, and Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes with superprocess catalyst. We then review some basic properties of super-Brownian motion which we need and introduce the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process with catalyst given by a superprocess. The main results are the affine characterization of t…
In this article, we introduce a non Gaussian long memory process constructed by the aggregation of independent copies of a fractional Lévy Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process with random coefficients. Several properties and a limit theorem are studied for this new process. Finally, some simulations of the limit process are shown.
We examine the question of existence and uniqueness of evolution systems of measures for non-autonomous Ornstein-Uhlenbeck-type processes with jumps. In particular, we give examples where we explicitly compute the densities of such families of measures.
The paper studies a class of Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes on the classical Wiener space. These processes are associated with a diffusion type Dirichlet form whose corresponding diffusion operator is unbounded in the Cameron-Martin space. It is shown that the distributions of certain finite dimensional Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes converge weakly to the distribution of such an infinite dimensional Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. For the infinite dimensional processes, the ordinary scalar quadratic variation is calculated. Moreover, relative to the stochastic calculus via regularization, the scalar …
First we give a construction of bridges derived from a general Markov process using only its transition densities. We give sufficient conditions for their existence and uniqueness (in law). Then we prove that the law of the radial part of the bridge with endpoints zero derived from a special multidimensional Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process equals the law of the bridge with endpoints zero derived from the radial part of the same Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. We also construct bridges derived from general multidimensional Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes.
Markovian intertwining relations between two Markov semigroups are related to the partial inclusion of the spectra of their generators, at least for finite ergodic processes. We check the limitations of this observation by investigating the Markov intertwining relations between the Ehrenfest, Yule and Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes, whose spectra are all included into -$\mathbb{Z}_+$. As a by-product, we offer a clarification of an intertwining relation found in Biane [2] between the Yule and the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes.
For an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process driven by fractional Brownian motion with Hurst index $H\in [\frac12,\frac34]$, we show the Berry-Esséen bound of the least squares estimator of the drift parameter. We use an approach based on Malliavin calculus given by Kim and Park \cite{kim 3}.
We review the probabilistic properties of Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes in Hilbert spaces driven by Lévy processes. The emphasis is on the different contexts in which these processes arise, such as stochastic partial differential equations, continuous-state branching processes, generalised Mehler semigroups and operator self-decomposable distributions. We also examine generalisations to the case where the driving noise is cylindrical.
We investigate ergodic properties of generalized Ornstein--Uhlenbeck processes. In particular, we provide sufficient conditions for ergodicity, and for subexponential and exponential convergence to the invariant probability measure. We use the Foster--Lyapunov method. The drift conditions are obtained using the explicit form of the generator of the continuous process. In some special cases the optimality of our results can be shown.
In this paper we introduce the well-balanced Lévy driven Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process as a moving average process of the form $X_t=\int \exp(-λ|t-u|)dL_u$. In contrast to Lévy driven Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes the well-balanced form possesses continuous sample paths and an autocorrelation function which is decreasing not purely exponential but of the order $λ|u|\exp(-λ|u|)$. Furthermore, depending on the size of $λ$ it allows both for positive and negative correlation of increments. We indicate how the well-balanced Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process might be used as mean or volatility process in stoc…
We continue the investigation of sample paths of $q$-Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. We show that for all $q\in(-1,1)$, the process has big jumps crossing from near one end point of the domain to the other with positive probability. Moreover, the number of such jumps in an appropriately enlarged window converges weakly to a Poisson random variable.
In this article, existence of the $k$-th order derivatives of local time $ \widehatα^{(k)}(x,t)$ is considered for two d-dimensional fractional Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes $X^{H_1}_t$ and $\widetilde{X}^{H_2}_s$ with Hurst parameters $H_1$ and $H_2$, respectively. Moreover, H$\hat{o}$lder regularity condition of fractional Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process $X^{H}_t$ of local time $\tildeα^{(k)}(x,t)$ is obtained by some techniques using in Guo et al. (2017) and in Lou et al. (2017).
We introduce a notion of intervention for stochastic differential equations and a corresponding causal interpretation. For the case of the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck SDE, we show that the SDE resulting from a simple type of intervention again is an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck SDE. We discuss criteria for the existence of a stationary distribution for the solution to the intervened SDE. We illustrate the effect of interventions by calculating the mean and variance in the stationary distribution of an intervened process in a particularly simple case.
We give some examples of random fields that can be represented as space-domain scaled stationary Ornstein-Uhlenbeck fields defined on the plane. Namely, we study a tied-down Wiener bridge, tied-down scaled Wiener bridges, a Kiefer process and so called (F,G)-Wiener bridges.
In this paper, we consider the measure determined by a fractional Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. For such measure, we establish a martingale representation theorem and consequently obtain the Logarithmic-Sobolev inequality. To this end, we also present the integration by parts formula for such measure, which is obtained via its pull back formula and the Bismut method.
We show that for any fixed $θ\in(-\fracπ{2},\,0)\cup (0,\,\fracπ{2})$, the 1-dimensional complex Ornstein-Uhlenbeck operator \begin{equation*} \tilde{\mathcal{L}}_θ= 4\cosθ\frac{\partial^2}{\partial z\partial \bar{z}}-e^{\miθ} z \frac{\partial}{\partial z}-e^{-\miθ}\bar{z} \frac{\partial}{\partial \bar{z}}, \end{equation*} is a normal (but nonsymmetric) diffusion operator.
In this paper, we study Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes with Markov modulation, whose parameters depend on an external underlying two-state Markov process. Conditional mean and variance of such processes under given modulation are investigated from the point of view of the first passage probabilities and invariant measures. It is also studied the limiting behaviour under scaling conditions similar to Kac's scaling.
In this paper we study the Poincaré constant for the Gaussian measure restricted to $D=\R^d - B(y,r)$ where $B(y,r)$ denotes the Euclidean ball with center $y$ and radius $r$, and $d\geq 2$. We also study the case of the $l^\infty$ ball (the hypercube). This is the first step in the study of the asymptotic behavior of a $d$-dimensional Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process in the presence of obstacles with elastic normal reflections (the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck pinball) we shall study in a companion paper.
We investigate large deviation properties of the maximum likelihood drift parameter estimator for Ornstein--Uhlenbeck process driven by mixed fractional Brownian motion.
In this work we investigate the long time behavior of the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process driven by Levy noise with regime-switching. We provide explicit criteria on the transience and recurrence of this process. Contrasted with the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process driven simply by Brownian motion, whose stationary distribution must be light-tailed, both the jumps caused by the Levy noise and regime-switching described by Markov chain can derive the heavy-tailed property of the stationary distribution. In this work, the different role played by Levy measure and regime-switching process is clearly charact…
The purpose of this article is a set-indexed extension of the well-known Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. The first part is devoted to a stationary definition of the random field and ends up with the proof of a complete characterization by its $L^2$-continuity, stationarity and set-indexed Markov properties. This specific Markov transition system allows to define a general \emph{set-indexed Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (SIOU) process} with any initial probability measure. Finally, in the multiparameter case, the SIOU process is proved to admit a natural integral representation.
We give an explicit representation for the transition law of a tempered stable Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process and use it to develop a rejection sampling algorithm for exact simulation of increments from this process. Our results apply to general classes of both univariate and multivariate tempered stable distributions and contain a number of previously studied results as special cases.
Superpositions of Ornstein-Uhlenbeck type (supOU) processes form a rich class of stationary processes with a flexible dependence structure. The asymptotic behavior of the integrated and partial sum supOU processes can be, however, unusual. Their cumulants and moments turn out to have an unexpected rate of growth. We identify the property of fast growth of moments or cumulants as intermittency.
In this paper we study some convergence results concerning the one-dimensional distribution of a time-changed fractional Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. In particular, we establish that, despite the time change, the process admits a Gaussian limit random variable. On the other hand, we prove that the process converges towards the time-changed Ornstein-Uhlenbeck as the Hurst index $H \to 1/2^+$, with locally uniform convergence of one-dimensional distributions. Moreover, we also achieve convergence in the Skorohod $J_1$-topology of the time-changed fractional Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process as $H \to 1/…
In order to approximate the exit time of a one-dimensional diffusion process, we propose an algorithm based on a random walk. Such an algorithm so-called Walk on Moving Spheres was already introduced in the Brownian context. The aim is therefore to generalize this numerical approach to the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process and to describe the efficiency of the method.
We investigate an almost sure limit theorem (ASCLT) for sequences of random variables having the form of a ratio of two terms such that the numerator satisfies the ASCLT and the denominator is a positive term which converges almost surely to 1. This result leads to the ASCLT for least square estimators for Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process driven by fractional Brownian motion.
Conditions are given, sufficient for the distribution of an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process with Lévy noise to be absolutely continuous or to possess a smooth density. For the processes with non-degenerate drift coefficient, these conditions are a necessary ones. A multidimensional analogue for the non-degeneracy condition on the drift coefficient is introduced.
In this paper, we study the asymptotic behaviour of one-dimensional integrated Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes driven by $α$-stable Lévy processes of small amplitude. We prove that the integrated Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process converges weakly to the underlying $α$-stable Lévy process in the Skorokhod $M_1$-topology which secures the weak convergence of first passage times. This result follows from a more general result about approximations of an arbitrary Lévy process by continuous integrated Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes in the $M_1$-topology.
The $q$-Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes, $q\in(-1,1)$, are a family of stationary Markov processes that converge weakly to the standard Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process as $q$ tends to 1. It has been noticed recently that in terms of path properties, however, for each $q$ fixed the $q$-Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process behaves qualitatively different from their Gaussian counterpart in several aspects. Here, two limit theorems on the extremes of $q$-Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes are established. Both results are based on the weak convergence of the tangent process at the lower boundary, a positive self-similar …
By using the existing sharp estimates of density function for rotationally invariant symmetric $α$-stable Lévy processes and rotationally invariant symmetric truncated $α$-stable Lévy processes, we obtain that Harnack inequalities hold for rotationally invariant symmetric $α$-stable Lévy processes with $α\in(0,2)$ and Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes driven by rotationally invariant symmetric $α$-stable Lévy process, while logarithmic Harnack inequalities are satisfied for rotationally invariant symmetric truncated $α$-stable Lévy processes.
This paper addresses the problem of estimating drift parameter of the Ornstein - Uhlenbeck type process, driven by the sum of independent standard and fractional Brownian motions. The maximum likelihood estimator is shown to be consistent and asymptotically normal in the large-sample limit, using some recent results on the canonical representation and spectral structure of mixed processes.
In this paper we study some properties of the generalized Fokker-Planck equation induced by the time-changed fractional Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. First of all, we exploit some sufficient conditions to show that a mild solution of such equation is actually a classical solution. Then we discuss an isolation result for mild solutions. Finally, we prove the weak maximum principle for strong solutions of the aforementioned equation and then a uniqueness result.
We prove the existence of a local time, the continuity of the local time about $t$, and the regular property for $a.e.$ $x\in R$ of a Ornstein-Uhlenbeck type $\{X_t,\ t\in R^+\}$ driven by a general Lévy process, under mild regularity conditions. We discuss the asymptotic behaviour of the local time when $X$ is ergodic. We also investigate the first passage problem. These results give precise information about the local properties of the sample functions.
The purpose of the paper is to provide a general method for computing hitting distributions of some regular subsets D for Ornstein-Uhlenbeck type operators of the form 1/2Δ+ F\cdot\nabla, with F bounded and orthogonal to the boundary of D. As an important application we obtain integral representations of the Poisson kernel for a half-space and balls for hyperbolic Brownian motion and for the classical Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. The method developed in the paper is based on stochastic calculus and on skew product representation of multidimensional Brownian motion and yields more complete resul…
The maximal inequalities for diffusion processes have drawn increasing attention in recent years. However, the existing proof of the $L^p$ maximum inequalities for the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process was dubious. Here we give a rigorous proof of the moderate maximum inequalities for the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process, which include the $L^p$ maximum inequalities as special cases and generalize the remarkable $L^1$ maximum inequalities obtained by Graversen and Peskir [P. Am. Math. Soc., 128(10):3035-3041, 2000]. As a corollary, we also obtain a new moderate maximal inequality for continuous local marti…
In this article we introduce the Gaussian Sobolev space $W^{1,2}(\mathscr O,γ)$, where $\mathscr O$ is an arbitrary open set of a separable Banach space $E$ endowed with a nondegenerate centered Gaussian measure $γ$. Moreover, we investigate the semimartingale structure of the infinite dimensional reflecting Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process for open sets of the form $\mathscr O=\{x\in E\, :\, G(x)<0\}$, where $ G$ is some Borel function on $E$.
We consider the parameter estimation problem for the non-ergodic fractional Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process defined as $dX_t=θX_tdt+dB_t,\ t\geq0$, with a parameter $θ>0$, where $B$ is a fractional Brownian motion of Hurst index $H\in(1/2,1)$. We study the consistency and the asymptotic distributions of the least squares estimator $\hatθ_t$ of $θ$ based on the observation $\{X_s,\ s\in[0,t]\}$ as $t\rightarrow\infty$.
The paper is concerned with one-dimensional two-sided Ornstein-Uhlenbeck type processes with delay or anticipation. We prove existence and uniqueness requiring almost sure boundedness on the left half-axis in case of delay and almost sure boundedness on the right half-axis in case of anticipation. For those stochastic processes $(X,P_μ)$ we calculate the Radon-Nikodym density under time shift of trajectories, $P_μ(dX_{\cdot -t})/P_μ(dX)$, $t\in {\Bbb R}$.
In this paper, we will first give the numerical simulation of the sub-fractional Brownian motion through the relation of fractional Brownian motion instead of its representation of random walk. In order to verify the rationality of this simulation, we propose a practical estimator associated with the LSE of the drift parameter of mixed sub-fractional Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process, and illustrate the asymptotical properties according to our method of simulation when the Hurst parameter $H>1/2$.
We consider the fractional Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process with an unknown drift parameter and known Hurst parameter $H$. We propose a new method to test the hypothesis of the sign of the parameter and prove the consistency of the test. Contrary to the previous works, our approach is applicable for all $H\in(0,1)$. We also study the estimators for drift parameter for continuous and discrete observations and prove their strong consistency for all $H\in(0,1)$.
In the context of non-equilibrium statistical physics, the entropy production rate is an important concept to describe how far a specific state of a system is from its equilibrium state. In this paper, we establish a central limit theorem and a moderate deviation principle for the entropy production rate of $d$-dimensional Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes, by the techniques of functional inequalities such as Poincaré inequality and log-Sobolev inequality. As an application, we obtain a law of iterated logarithm for the entropy production rate.
It is proved that a general non-differentiable skew convolution semigroup associated with a strongly continuous semigroup of linear operators on a real separable Hilbert space can be extended to a differentiable one on the entrance space of the linear semigroup. A cadlag strong Markov process on an enlargement of the entrance space is constructed from which we obtain a realization of the corresponding Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. Some explicit characterizations of the entrance spaces for special linear semigroups are given.
We present a class of Gauss-Markov processes which can be represented as space-time scaled stationary Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes defined on the real line. We give several explicit examples of the representation for certain Gauss bridge processes. As an application, we derive a formula for the density function of the supremum location of certain standardized Gauss-Markov processes on compact time intervals. We also present some sufficient conditions under which mean centered Gauss-Markov processes take zero at a fixed time with probability one.
Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process of bounded variation is introduced as a solution of an analogue of the Langevin equation with an integrated telegraph process replacing a Brownian motion. There is an interval $I$ such that the process starting from the internal point of $I$ always remains within $I$. Starting outside, this process a. s. reaches this interval in a finite time. The distribution of the time for which the process falls into this interval is obtained explicitly. The certain formulae for the mean and the variance of this process are obtained on the basis of the joint distribution of the t…
We propose a non-Gaussian operator-valued extension of the Barndorff-Nielsen and Shephard stochastic volatility dynamics, defined as the square-root of an operator-valued Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process with Levy noise and bounded drift. We derive conditions for the positive definiteness of the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process, where in particular we must restrict to operator-valued Levy processes with "non-decreasing paths". It turns out that the volatility model allows for an explicit calculation of its characteristic function, showing an affine structure. We introduce another Hilbert space-valued Orns…
