Despite its importance in geological sciences, our understanding of interactions between gas and condensed phases (comprising solids and liquids) remains clouded by the fact that, often, only indirect evidence remains for their occurrence. This arises from the tendency for the vapour phase to escape from the condensed phase with which it interacts, owing to its much lower density and thus greater volume. For a gas that is sufficiently tenuous that interactions do not occur between its constituent molecules, this relationship is quantified in the ideal gas law (Clapeyron 1834): $PV=nRT$ (1) where $P$ is the total pressure exerted by the gas, $V$ its volume, $n$ is the number of moles, $R$ the gas constant 8.3145 $Jmol^{-1}K^{-1}$, Horstmann, 1873) and $T$ the absolute temperature. One mole of an ideal gas at 273.15 $K$ and $10^5$ $Pa$ (standard temperature and pressure for gases) has a molar volume of 22,711 $cm^3/mol$, $10^3$ x greater than typical silicate liquids or minerals. As a result, vaporisation processes in nature are often informed by chemical and textural evidence remaining in the condensed phase.
Proto-planetary disk composition-dependent element volatility in the context of rocky planet formation
Rijksuniversiteit Groningen（格罗宁根大学）；ETH Zurich（苏黎世联邦理工学院）；University of Vienna（维也纳大学）；University of Copenhagen（哥本哈根大学）；University of Bayreuth（拜罗伊特大学）；HUN-REN Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences（匈牙利研究网络天文学与地球科学研究院）；University of Colorado（科罗拉多大学）
Computing planetary atmospheres with algorithms derived from action thermodynamics and a novel version of the virial theorem for gravitating polyatomic molecules
Large Uncertainties in the Thermodynamics of Phosphorus (III) Oxide (P$_4$O$_6$) Have Significant Implications for Phosphorus Species in Planetary Atmospheres
Hydrogen-helium immiscibility boundary in gas-giant planetary interiors from machine-learning molecular dynamics
UC Berkeley（加州大学伯克利分校）；Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory（劳伦斯利弗莫尔国家实验室）；The Institute of Science and Technology Austria（奥地利科学技术研究所）；Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory（劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室）；Bakar Institute of Digital Materials for the Planet, UC Berkeley（加州大学伯克利分校巴卡尔地球数字材料研究所）
Tracing Planetary Accretion in a 3 Gyr-old Hydrogen-Rich White Dwarf: The Extremely Polluted Atmosphere of LSPM J0207+3331
University of California San Diego（加州大学圣地亚哥分校）；University of California, Los Angeles（加州大学洛杉矶分校）；Gemini Observatory/NOIRLab（吉米尼天文台/NOIRLab）；University of Warwick（华威大学）；Space Telescope Science Institute（太空望远镜科学研究所）；Smith College（史密斯学院）；Carnegie Institution for Science（卡内基科学机构）
