星际冰：具有生命起源前意义的地外手性有机分子对称性破缺的一种可能方案
Interstellar ices: a possible scenario for symmetry breaking of extraterrestrial chiral organic molecules of prebiotic interest
摘要：
在实验室中，由与天体物理学相关的简单分子组成的冰的光化学和热化学演化总是导致半难熔的水溶性有机残留物的形成。对特定分子的定向搜索确实揭示了两个重要分子“生命之砖”家族的显著存在：氨基酸，代谢中的关键分子，以及糖，包括核糖，RNA分子的骨架，它支持所有生物体的遗传信息。这些分子中的大多数确实是在原始的碳质陨石中发现的，它们在早期地球表面的生命前化学中的意义必须得到认真考虑。这些分子几乎都是手性的。在陨石中，某些氨基酸确实显示出显著的对映体过量，几乎完全是L型。在我们的实验中，我们调查的作用，圆偏振光获得的同步加速器SOLEIL，光通常观察到的恒星形成的区域，以产生一个初始的对称性破缺的手性氨基酸生产，然后确实在我们的样品中检测到。首先，我们提出了一个简短的全球描述的化学演化的银河系。然后，利用我们的实验室模拟，我们提出了宇宙冰在复杂有机物质积累中的重要性，包括地球等地球行星表面的对映富集，从而建立了天体化学和天体生物学之间的联系。
英文摘要：
In the laboratory, the photo-and thermochemical evolution of ices, made of simple molecules of astrophysical relevance, always leads to the formation of semi-refractory water-soluble organic residues. Targeted searches for specific molecules do reveal the notable presence of two families of important molecular ''bricks of life'': amino acids, key molecules in metabolism, and sugars, including ribose, the backbone of RNA molecules which support the genetic information in all living entities. Most of these molecules are indeed found in primitive carbonaceous meteorites and their implication in prebiotic chemistry at the surface of the early Earth must be seriously considered. These molecules are, almost all, chiral. In meteorites, some amino acids do show significant enantiomeric excesses, practically exclusively of the L-form. In our experiments, we investigate the role of circularly polarized light obtained from the DESIRS beamline of the synchrotron SOLEIL, a light commonly observed in regions of star formation, in order to generate an initial symmetry breaking in chiral amino acids produced and then indeed detected in our samples. We present first a brief global description of the chemical evolution of the Galaxy. Then, using our laboratory simulations, we suggest the importance of cosmic ices in the build-up of complex organic matter, including enantioenrichment at the surface of telluric planets like the Earth, thus establishing a link between astrochemistry and astrobiology.
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